11-Deoxycortisol has very little glucocorticoid activity yet its role as an intermediate in cortisol creation may assist in understanding of impairment along this pathway. CYP21A (21-hydroxylase) is responsible for the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogest

11-Hydroxy-Androsterone (OHAN) is a urinary metabolite of cortisol metabolism as well as 11-oxygenated androgens production from the adrenal glands. While research is limited in the significance of elevations of this metabolite, it may be associated

OHAN is a urinary metabolite of cortisol metabolism as well as 11-oxygenated androgens production from the adrenal glands.

OHET is the product of cortisol metabolism as well as 11-oxygenated androgens produced from the adrenal gland. Levels tend to reflect levels of etiocholanolone.

Percentages of 2-OH-E1, 4-OH-E1, and 16-OH-E1 When evaluating phase I metabolism, it can be helpful to compare the percentages of 2, 4, and 16 OH-E1 metabolites. Most individuals metabolize the majority of their estrogens down the 2-OH-E1 pathway

In a Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, the percentage of 16-Hydroxyestrone (16-OH-E1) is a critical marker for evaluating estrogen metabolism and its implications for health. 16-OH-E1 is a metabolite of estrogen

16a-Hydroxyestrone, particularly in the context of a pre-menopausal Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP), is a significant marker in understanding estrogen metabolism. Estrogens are a group of hormones critical for sexual and reproductive deve

17-OH Progesterone is the product of progesterone hydroxylation.

17-OH Progesterone is the product of progesterone hydroxylation.

In a Hormone & Urinary Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, the ratio of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-M-E2) to 2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OH-E2) (2-M-E2:2-OH-E2) is an important marker of estrogen metabolism. Estrogens are metabolized

Percentages of 2-OH-E1, 4-OH-E1, and 16-OH-E1 When evaluating phase I metabolism, it can be helpful to compare the percentages of 2, 4, and 16 OH-E1 metabolites. Most individuals metabolize the majority of their estrogens down the 2-OH-E1 pathway

In a Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, the ratio of 2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OH-E1) to 16-Hydroxyestrone (16-OH-E1) is a critical metric for assessing estrogen metabolism and its implications for health. This ratio refl

21-Hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid hormone with mineralocorticoid properties produced in the adrenal gland which serves as a precursor hormone to aldosterone.

21-Hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid hormone with mineralocorticoid properties produced in the adrenal gland which serves as a precursor hormone to aldosterone.

4-OH-E2 is associated with a higher risk of certain cancers and other negative markers for breast health in females. Due to the lack of research in this area, it may be postulated that males carry a similar risk.

Higher levels indicate slowed COMT activity (methylation) and are associated with a higher risk for breast cancer in females. Due to the lack of research in this area, it may be postulated that men carry a similar risk. Elevation may also be due to a

Methyl metabolites are considered inactive and are correlated with antiproliferative effects. Proper elimination of 4-M-E2 requires optimal excretion via GI tract optimization. To fully understand this value, it may be beneficial to examine the 4-M-E

4-Methoxyestrone is a metabolite of estrone, a form of estrogen, and is produced through the methoxylation process. This metabolite is considered to be a less active form of estrogen, having weaker estrogenic effects compared to other metabolites lik

Percentages of 2-OH-E1, 4-OH-E1, and 16-OH-E1 When evaluating phase I metabolism, it can be helpful to compare the percentages of 2, 4, and 16 OH-E1 metabolites. Most individuals metabolize the majority of their estrogens down the 2-OH-E1 pathway

In a Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) designed for pre-menopausal women, the percentage of 4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1) plays a crucial role in understanding estrogen metabolism and its associated risks. 4-OH-E1 is one of the metabolites of

Pregnenetriol is a metabolite of 17a-pregnenolone, an intermediary resulting from the hydroxylation of pregnenolone by CYP17A1 enzyme.

5A-AD is a metabolite of 5αDHT. Research suggests: - that postmenopausal women may experience low levels of this metabolite. - elevations of this pathway in females maybe due to PCOS and hirsutism.

5A-DHT is converted from testosterone by 5-α reductase in the ovaries and peripherally in fat tissue.

The metabolic prioritization for alpha or beta reductase activity within the progesterone pathway may be confirmatory of a general preference of metabolism. Comparing these results with the metabolic preference of androgens and corticoids may provide

The metabolic prioritization for alpha or beta reductase activity within the progesterone pathway may be confirmatory of a general preference of metabolism. Comparing these results with the metabolic preference of androgens and corticoids may provide

The most important progesterone metabolite, pregnanediol (PDL), can serve as a urinary marker for endogenous progesterone levels and as an indicator of ovulation. PDL exists as two isomers, 5α-pregnanediol and 5β-pregnanediol. 5β-preg

Metabolites of progesterone are measured in urine, including 5b-pregnanediol and 5a-pregnanediol. 5b-pregnanediol is inactive in the body but is the major metabolite of progesterone. 5a-pregnanediol is often a metabolite of more interest, as it can c

5B-THB is a terminal metabolite of corticosterone. This metabolite in combination with other terminal metabolites can be used to estimate metabolism of corticosterone. While research in elevations or low levels of single terminal metabolites is limit

5a-Tetrahydrocorticosterone (5a-THB) is a lesser-known metabolite of cortisol, and its measurement on a HUMAP panel can provide valuable insights, particularly for pre-menopausal females. 5a-THB is a part of the complex hormonal interplay within t

5A-THF is a terminal metabolite of cortisol metabolized via 5-alpha reductase. This metabolite along with the other terminal metabolites can be used to determine metabolized cortisol.

The relationship of the cortisol metabolites (5-alpha THF + THF) to cortisone metabolite (THE) is another tool in the assessment of the dominance of active cortisol or inactive cortisone.

The 5A-THF/5B-THF ratio is a calculation used to show the preference of 5-alpha reductase activity to 5-beta reductase activity. While research is limited in the significance of 5-alpha or 5-beta reductase activity in the glucocorticoids, it can serv

5B-AD is the result of 5-beta reduction of DHT as well as a metabolite of etiocholanolone.

The most important progesterone metabolite, pregnanediol (PDL), can serve as a urinary marker for endogenous progesterone levels and as an indicator of ovulation. PDL exists as two isomers, 5α-pregnanediol and 5β-pregnanediol. 5β-preg

5B-PD is the major progesterone metabolite. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum following ovulation and to a lesser extent by the adrenal glands in both sexes. While found in the urine in small amounts, progesterone can be seen as a clin

5B-THB is a terminal metabolite of corticosterone. This metabolite in combination with other terminal metabolites can be used to estimate metabolism of corticosterone. While research in elevations or low levels of single terminal metabolites is limit

5B-THF is a terminal metabolite of cortisol metabolized via 5-beta reductase. This metabolite along with the other terminal metabolites can be used to determine metabolized cortisol.

8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine is marker resulting from DNA damage due to oxidative stress.

Allopregnanolone is a potent neuroactive steroid capable of binding the GABA-A receptor often leading to sedative and anxiolytic action. The calming action of allopregnanolone is often seen with orally supplemented progesterone, as the liver metaboli

Allopregnanolone is a downstream metabolite of progesterone considered a neurosteroid due to its ability to influence the GABA-A receptor, creating anxiolytic effects. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum following ovulation and to a less

Androstenedione is a weak androgen secreted by adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries that is converted to testosterone or estrone in the periphery.

The ratio of Androsterone (5a) to Etiocholanolone (5b) in a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel is a critical marker for assessing the balance of androgen metabolism in the body. Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are both metabolites of test

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Corticosterone is a precursor hormone to aldosterone. Research is limited in the clinical significance of both elevated or low corticosterone and may be due to levels of precursor hormones.

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released from the adrenal gland in response to stress. High levels of cortisol have been reported in cases of Cushing’s disease, malnutrition, early life stress, hypothyroidism, depression, alcoholism, obesit

The Cortisol Bedtime marker is a critical indicator in endocrinology, representing the level of cortisol in the body at bedtime. Cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, is central to various physiological processes, including stress respo

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released from the adrenal gland in response to stress. High levels of cortisol have been reported in cases of Cushing’s disease, malnutrition, early life stress, hypothyroidism, depression, alcoholism, obesit

Cortisol, often referred to as the "stress hormone," plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and the body's response to stress. The Cortisol Dinnertime marker, a specific measure of corti

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released from the adrenal gland in response to stress. High levels of cortisol have been reported in cases of Cushing’s disease, malnutrition, early life stress, hypothyroidism, depression, alcoholism, obesit

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released from the adrenal gland in response to stress. High levels of cortisol have been reported in cases of Cushing’s disease, malnutrition, early life stress, hypothyroidism, depression, alcoholism, obesit

Cortisol / cortisone ratio indicates activity of HSD11B2 activity and assessment of tissue specific concentrations of cortisol, which normally cannot be measured without a biopsy.

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released from the adrenal gland in response to stress. High levels of cortisol have been reported in cases of Cushing’s disease, malnutrition, early life stress, hypothyroidism, depression, alcoholism, obesit

The Cortisol/day measurement on a HUMAP panel is a crucial indicator of cortisol levels throughout a typical day, reflecting the hormone's diurnal pattern and its overall balance in the body. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, is integral

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Elevations of cortisone may reflect high cortisol production, excessive 11BHSD2 activity, or insufficient conversion by 11BHSD1.

Cortisone Bedtime as measured on a HUMAP panel is a significant indicator of cortisone levels in the body at bedtime. Cortisone, a metabolite of cortisol, plays a key role in various physiological functions, including the regulation of inflammation,

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Elevations of cortisone may reflect high cortisol production, excessive 11BHSD2 activity, or insufficient conversion by 11BHSD1.

Cortisone Dinnertime on a HUMAP panel represents the measurement of cortisone levels in the body during the evening. Cortisone is a steroid hormone and is closely related to cortisol, often referred to as the "stress hormone." While cortiso

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Elevations of cortisone may reflect high cortisol production, excessive 11BHSD2 activity, or insufficient conversion by 11BHSD1.

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Elevations of cortisone may reflect high cortisol production, excessive 11BHSD2 activity, or insufficient conversion by 11BHSD1.

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Elevations of cortisone may reflect high cortisol production, excessive 11BHSD2 activity, or insufficient conversion by 11BHSD1.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is predominantly produced in the adrenal glands and serves as a precursor hormone for androstenedione and eventually estrone and testosterone. High levels of DHEA may be due to DHEA or pregnenolone supplementation. Addit

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone predominantly produced in the adrenal glands which serves as precursor hormone for androstenedione and eventually estrone and testosterone.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEA-S is the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the major steroid precursor in humans. This sulfation is reversibly catalyzed by sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) primarily in the adrenals, the liver, a

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEA-S is the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the major steroid precursor in humans. This sulfation is reversibly catalyzed by sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) primarily in the adrenals, the liver, a

DHEA and DHEAs are produced in the adrenal gland and serve as precursors to androgens and estrogens. Due to the interconversion between DHEA and DHEAS via SULT2A1 and/or STS, the sum of these maybe a better representation of total DHEA synthesis.

DHEA and DHEAs are produced in the adrenal gland and serve as precursors to androgens and estrogens. Due to the interconversion between DHEA and DHEAS via SULT2A1 and/or STS, the sum of these may be a better representation of total DHEA synthesis.

Estradiol level is most consistent with exogenous exposure, supplementation, or aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. CYP19, also known as aromatase, can be upregulated raising intracellular estrogens in men which can contribute to increased ad

In a Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, estradiol plays a pivotal role as a primary estrogen hormone. Estradiol is not just a crucial marker for assessing overall estrogenic activity but also for understanding a wom

Evaluation of the estrogen metabolism pathway relies on understanding several key steps of metabolism: the amount of unconjugated estrogens, hydroxylation of E1 and E2, methylation of hydroxy estrogens, and the function of key enzymes. Evaluation

In the context of a Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, Estriol plays a unique and informative role in the spectrum of estrogen metabolites. Estriol, a weaker estrogen compared to estradiol and estrone, is predominan

A component of the estrone level may be due to aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone by CYP19 (aromatase) enzyme in adipose tissue, and/or conversion from estradiol due to HSD17B activity. Aromatase up-regulation and increased intracellul

Estrone is one of the three major naturally occurring estrogens, alongside estradiol and estriol. Estrone, as a marker in a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel for pre-menopausal women, offers valuable insights into estrogen metabolism a

Etiocholanolone is a 5-beta reduced isomer of androsterone, and a major metabolite of testosterone and androstenedione, however it is not active as an androgen.

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum following ovulation and to a lesser extent by the adrenal glands in both sexes. While found in the urine in small amounts, progesterone can be seen as a clinical marker of luteal activity and therapu

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum following ovulation and to a lesser extent by the adrenal glands in both sexes. While found in the urine in small amounts, progesterone can be seen as a clinical marker of luteul activity and theraputic o

Testosterone is the major anabolic androgen found in females. Because urinary testosterone levels are independent of circadian rhythm fluctuation, urine may be a better medium than serum to indicate androgen production.

The ratio of Testosterone to Epi-Testosterone in pre-menopausal women, as part of a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel, is a significant indicator of hormonal balance and metabolic function. Testosterone, although primarily considered a ma

Tetrahydrocortisone is a terminal metabolite of cortisone. This metabolite along with the other terminal metabolites can be used to determine metabolized cortisol. Research in elevations or low levels of single terminal metabolites is limited, assess

THE is a terminal metabolite of cortisone. This metabolite along with the other terminal metabolites can be used to determine metabolized cortisol. Research in elevations or low levels of single terminal metabolites is limited, assessing metabolized

5B-THA is a terminal metabolite of corticosterone. This metabolite in combination with other terminal metabolites can be used to estimate metabolism of corticosterone. While research in elevations or low levels of single terminal metabolites is limit

This calculation includes the daily metabolites of cortisol (5-alpha THF, THF) and cortisone (THE) which maybe a better representation of daily cortisol output than measuring cortisol and cortisone alone due to metabolism differences in the liver (wi

This calculation includes the daily metabolites of cortisol (5-alpha THF, THF) and cortisone (THE) which maybe a better representation of daily cortisol output than measuring cortisol and cortisone alone due to metabolism differences in the liver (wi