Research Biomarker Category Other

Other

This category includes all markers that do not fall into any of the other categories.

Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)

Optimal range: 0 - 5.8 U/mL

AFP stands for alpha-fetoprotein. It is a protein made in the liver of a developing baby. AFP levels are usually high when a baby is born, but fall to very low levels by the age of 1. An AFP tumor marker test is a blood test that measures the levels of AFP in adults. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body.

Anti DNAse B Titer

Optimal range: 0 - 251 U/mL

The AntiDNAse B Titer is a test used in conjunction with ASO titer tests. It tests for poststreptococcal complications.

Anti-Streptolysin O

Optimal range: 0 - 200 IU/ml

This test can help determine whether you have had a recent strep infection with the bacteria group A Streptococcus; to help diagnose complications resulting from a strep infection such as rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis, a form of kidney disease. This test measures the amount of ASO in the blood.

Bordetella Pertussis (IgG/IgM)

Optimal range: 0 - 0.94 index

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a worldwide infectious disease that is transmitted from person to person by droplet infection. Especially children at the age of 0-4 years are affected, and the mortality of infected infants is high.

CA 125

Optimal range: 0 - 45.9 U/mL

A CA 125 test may be used to monitor certain cancers during and after treatment. In some cases, a CA 125 test may be used to look for early signs of ovarian cancer in people with a very high risk of the disease.

Cat Dander, IgE

Optimal range: 0 - 0.1 kunits/L

Testing for IgE antibodies may be useful to establish the diagnosis of an allergic disease and to define the allergens responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms.

CD1656

Optimal range: 100 - 1000 U/L

CD1656 are an important NK (Natural killer) cell subset.

- NK cells are best known for killing virally infected cells, and detecting and controlling early signs of cancer. As well as protecting against disease, specialized NK cells are also found in the placenta and may play an important role in pregnancy.

- Natural killer T (NKT) cells represent a specialized T-cell population that is distinct from conventional T cells. They express an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes self and bacterial glycosphingolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d.

- Human natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided in several subpopulations on the basis of the relative expression of the adhesion molecule CD56 and the activating receptor CD16.

- NK cells serve an important role in host defense against viral infections, as well as tumor surveillance. They are also a component of the adaptive immune response through cytokine production.

- NK cell functions are governed by a balance between activating receptors and inhibitory receptors.

CD19

Optimal range: 200 - 2100 U/L

The CD19 antigen (aka B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 or Cluster of Differentiation 19) plays an important role in clinical oncology. It’s a protein found on the surface of B-cells, a type of white blood cell.

CD3

Optimal range: 900 - 4500 U/L

CD4

Optimal range: 500 - 2400 U/L

CD4/CD8 Ratio

Optimal range: 2 - 4 Ratio

CD8

Optimal range: 300 - 1600 U/L

Coenzyme Q10

Optimal range: 0.48 - 3.04 mg/L

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone is a cofactor, electron carrier, and antioxidant. It is a critical component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.

Coenzyme Q10, Total

Optimal range: 0.37 - 2.2 ug/ml

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone is a cofactor, electron carrier, and antioxidant. It is a critical component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.

Diphtheria Antibodies

Optimal range: 0.1 - 0.3 IU/ml

Diphtheria is a contagious and potentially fatal disease caused by a bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheria. Testing for the antibodies against the disease gives doctors an idea if you have immunity towards diphtheria.

Heliocobater Pylori Antibody IgA (ARUP)

Optimal range: 0 - 1.7 EV

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria. These germs can enter your body and live in your digestive tract. After many years, they can cause sores, called ulcers, in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine.

Mercury

Optimal range: 0 - 14.9 ug/L

Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal element. It exists in three forms: elemental, inorganic, and organic. All three of these forms of mercury can be toxic, causing several health problems.

Metanephrine Plasma

Optimal range: 0 - 62 pg/mL

Metanephrine, a metabolite of epinephrine, is at normally low levels in the plasma. Certain tumors increase the levels and will increase the levels of Metanephrine. The Metanephrine test, when normal, means these tumors are not present.

Normetanephrine

Optimal range: 0 - 145 pg/mL

Normetanephrine, a metabolite of norepinephrine, is at normally low levels in the plasma. Certain tumors increase the levels and will increase the levels of nor-metanephrine. The Normetanephrine test, when normal, means these tumors are not present.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

Optimal range: 0 - 4 ng/mL

The Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the amount of prostate specific antigen proteins made by the prostate gland and prostate cancers. It is used as a screen for prostate cancer, or a way to monitor progress of prostate cancer patients.

PSA, % Free

Optimal range: 25 - 50 %

The free prostate-specific antigen test, known as the free PSA test, is used to help detect signs of prostate cancer. The test measures the level of unbound prostate-specific antigen in the blood, which can help doctors to diagnose issues like inflammation of the prostate or cancer.

Free PSA tests are often used alongside other PSA tests to confirm a diagnosis or test results. Free PSA tests can also be used instead of a biopsy if the doctor suspects prostate cancer, but a biopsy may still be needed.

Pyruvate

Optimal range: 0.3 - 1.5 mg/dL

Pyruvate or pyruvic acid is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways. Abnormalities in pyruvate alone are not diagnostic of any disease, but they are clinically useful when measured with lactate deform the lactate to pyruvate ratio.

RMSF IGG (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

Optimal range: 0 - 0 %

RMSF IGM (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

Optimal range: 0 - 0 %

Rocky Mtn Spotted Fev, IgG, Qn

Optimal range: 0 - 0.0001 Units

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.

Special Stains

Optimal range: 0 - 0.001 Units

Special Stains Test is a lab test performed on a skin sample (biopsy) to determine the pathology and confirm there is a skin disease present. It may also be used to monitor the effects of treatment of the skin disease.

Tetanus Antibodies

Optimal range: 0.1 - 0.5 IU/ml

Total Glutathione

Optimal range: 176 - 323 ug/ml

Glutathione is an antioxidant, a type of chemical which helps to boost your immune system as well as prevent and reverse cellular damage. Unlike most antioxidants which come from the food you eat, glutathione is naturally produced by the body in the liver. Glutathione plays a number of roles in overall health including boosting the immune system, helping to break down nutrients in food, and protecting against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, diabetes, some types of cancer, and heart disease.

Toxoplasma Antibody (IGG)

Optimal range: 0 - 0.9 Units

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. While the parasite is found throughout the world, more than 40 million people in the United States may be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite. The Toxoplasma parasite can persist for long periods of time in the bodies of humans (and other animals), possibly even for a lifetime.

Toxoplasma IgG

Optimal range: 0 - 40 IU/ml

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that is capable of infecting a variety of intermediate hosts including humans. Infected definitive hosts (cats) shed oocysts in feces that rapidly mature in the soil and become infectious.

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Optimal range: 0 - 8.1 pg/mL

Varicella-Zoster Antibody, IgG

Optimal range: 1.1 - 10 AI

The Varicella-Zoster Antibody (IgG) test looks for antibodies in your blood that your body makes against the varicella-zoster virus. It is very contagious. Varicella-zoster virus, a herpesvirus, causes two distinct rash-associated diseases:

– chickenpox (varicella)

– shingles (herpes zoster).