Research Biomarker Category Organix Comprehensive Profile - Urine

Organix Comprehensive Profile - Urine

The Organix Comprehensive Profile is a nutritional test providing insights into organic acids and a view into the body's cellular metabolic processes.

Organic acids are metabolic intermediates that are produced in pathways of central energy production, detoxification, neurotransmitter breakdown, or intestinal microbial activity. Marked accumulation of specific organic acids detected in urine often signals a metabolic inhibition or block. The metabolic block may be due to a nutrient deficiency, an inherited enzyme deficit, toxic build-up or drug effect. Several of the biomarkers are markers of intestinal bacterial or yeast overgrowth.

The Organix Comprehensive nutritional test profile provides vital patient information from a single urine specimen. This organic acids nutritional test is valuable for determining:

Functional vitamin and mineral status
Amino acid insufficiencies like carnitine and NAC
Oxidative damage and antioxidant need
Phase I & Phase II detoxification capacity
Functional B-complex vitamin need
Neurotransmitter metabolites
Mitochondrial energy production
Methylation sufficiency
Lipoic acid and CoQ10 status
Markers for bacterial and yeast overgrowth

2-Methylhippurate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.192 mcg/mg creatinine

2-Methylhippurate is a byproduct of detoxification of the common solvent xylene. Urinary excretion of 2-methylhippurate is a sensitive and specific marker for xylene exposure which increases oxidative stress.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.05 mcg/mg creatinine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate seems to be strongly associated with a troublesome type of bacteria called Clostridia.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

Optimal range: 1.6 - 9.8 mcg/mg creatinine

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin is a hormone found at high levels in many body tissues. Serotonin and 5HIAA are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors.

8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine

Optimal range: 0 - 7.6 ng/mg creatinine

8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine measures the oxidative impact to DNA. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels will be high if your total antioxidant protection is inadequate.

Adipate

Optimal range: 0 - 11.1 mcg/mg creatinine

Adipate, together with Suberate and Ethylmalonate are all functional markers for deficiency of carnitine.

Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.9 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate is a by-product of glutathione production. Levels of alpha-hydroxybutyrate in the urine may reflect levels of glutathione production.

Alpha-Keto-Beta-Methylvalerate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.1 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Keto-Beta-Methylvalerate is a B-Complex Vitamin Marker. Vitamins are compounds that your body needs to be healthy. Vitamins are “essential” for proper function, which means that they are not made inside your body and must be consumed in the diet.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Optimal range: 0 - 35 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Ketoglutarate is an organic acid that is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids. It is formed in the Krebs cycle, the energy-producing process that occurs in most body cells.

Alpha-Ketoisocaproate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.52 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Ketoisocaproate is a B-Complex Vitamin Marker (Leucine catabolism).

Alpha-Ketoisovalerate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.49 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Ketoisovalerate (together with Alpha-Ketoisocaproate and Alpha-Keto-Beta-methylvalerate) requires Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid to be metabolized.

Benzoate

Optimal range: 0 - 9.3 mcg/mg creatinine

Benzoate, was one of the compounds first found to be elevated in urine from patients with intestinal bacterial overgrowth of various origins.

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate

Optimal range: 0 - 9.9 mcg/mg creatinine

ß-Hydroxybutyrate is a metabolic marker of blood sugar utilization and insulin function.

Beta-Hydroxyisovalerate

Optimal range: 0 - 11.5 mcg/mg creatinine

Beta-Hydroxyisovalerate is a sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency and is a metabolite of the amino acid isoleucine.

cis-Aconitate

Optimal range: 18 - 78 mcg/mg creatinine

cis-Aconitate is involved in both energy production and removal of toxic ammonia.

Citrate

Optimal range: 56 - 987 mcg/mg creatinine

Citric acid, cis-aconitic acid, and isocitric acid are the first three metabolites in the Krebs Citric Acid energy production cycle, which operates in the mitochondria of your cells.

D-Arabinitol

Optimal range: 0 - 73 mcg/mg creatinine

D-Arabinitol is a marker for intestinal yeast overgrowth.

Yeast is another class of microbes that can chronically grow in the intestinal tract and cause adverse health effects through the release of toxic metabolites. D-Arabinitol is uniquely produced by intestinal yeast, and the degree of elevation is a useful marker of their growth.

D-arabinitol is produced from dietary carbohydrates when yeasts are rapidly growing in the low oxygen environment of the small intestine.

D-Lactate

Optimal range: 0 - 4.1 mcg/mg creatinine

D-Lactate is produced by bacteria residing in the colon when carbohydrates are not completely absorbed in the small intestine. This by-product is excreted in the urine.

Ethylmalonate

Optimal range: 0 - 6.3 mcg/mg creatinine

Ethylmalonate, together with Adipate and Suberate, gives information about your ability to process fatty acids.

Formiminoglutamate

Optimal range: 0 - 2.2 mcg/mg creatinine

Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) is a functional marker of insufficiency of folic acid, another B-vitamin, and is a compound made from the amino acid histidine.

Fumarate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.35 mcg/mg creatinine

Fumarate (together with Succinate and Malate) is used in the body’s metabolic pathway that generates cellular energy – the Citric Acid Cycle.

Glucarate

Optimal range: 0 - 10.7 mcg/mg creatinine

Glucarate helps your liver perform its important role in removing from your body many types of toxins such as pesticides, prescription drugs, food components, and intestinal bacteria.

Hippurate

Optimal range: 0 - 1070 mcg/mg creatinine

Microbes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic acid to form hippuric acid, which re-enters the blood and is absorbed by the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys excrete hundreds of milligrams of hippuric acid into the urine every day.

Histamine

Optimal range: 4 - 71 ug/g creat

Histamine is a compound that affects immune response and physiological function of the digestive tract, and also acts as a neurotransmitter.

Histamine helps control the sleep-wake cycle as well as energy and motivation.

Homovanillate (Genova)

Optimal range: 1.4 - 7.6 mcg/mg creatinine

Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.

Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.

Hydroxymethylglutarate

Optimal range: 0 - 5.1 mcg/mg creatinine

Hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) is the precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production, and when it is elevated it may indicate that the body is trying to increase its production of CoQ10.

Indican

Optimal range: 0 - 90 mcg/mg creatinine

Indican is an indole produced when bacteria in the intestine act on the amino acid, tryptophan. Most indoles are excreted in the feces. The remainder is absorbed, metabolized by the liver, and excreted as indicanin the urine.

Isocitrate

Optimal range: 39 - 143 mcg/mg creatinine

Citric acid, cis-aconitic acid, and isocitric acid are the first three metabolites in the Krebs Citric Acid energy production cycle, which operates in the mitochondria of your cells.

Ketoisovalerate

Optimal range: 0 - 0 mcg/mg creatinine

Alpha-Ketoisovalerate requires Vitamin B1, B5, lipoic acid, B2, and B3 (in descending order of significance) to be metabolized. As your food is broken down, specific compounds are formed at steps that require B vitamin assistance. a-Ketoisovalerateis one of these compounds. If these nutrients are insufficient, the keto acids may build up in the urine.

Kynurenate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.5 mcg/mg creatinine

Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.

L-Lactate

Optimal range: 0.6 - 16.4 mcg/mg creatinine

L-Lactate is a product of muscle use, so it is constantly produced in normal daily activity.

Malate

Optimal range: 0 - 3.1 mcg/mg creatinine

Malate is involved in the citric acid cycle (aka. Krebs cycle). The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondrion to generate chemical energy that fuels the metabolism.

Methylmalonate (Genova)

Optimal range: 0 - 2.3 mcg/mg creatinine

Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a substance produced in very small amounts and is necessary for human metabolism and energy production.

Orotate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.01 mcg/mg creatinine

Orotate is a sensitive marker of your liver’s capacity to convert toxic ammonia to non-toxic urea that you can excrete. That capacity can be increased by additional arginine. Ammonia toxicity can also be reduced by supplementation with α-ketoglutarate, magnesium, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. Ammonia impairs brain function, causing difficulty with thinking, fatigue, headaches, and increased food sensitivities.

p-Hydroxybenzoate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.8 mcg/mg creatinine

The presence of organic compounds such as p-Hydroxybenzoate in the urine may point towards significant dysbiosis (=impaired microbiota).

p-Hydroxyphenylacetate

Optimal range: 0 - 34 mcg/mg creatinine

Associated with small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) due to its production by C. di cile, C. stricklandii, C. lituseburense, C. subterminale, C. putrefaciens, and C. propionicum.

p-Hydroxyphenyllactate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.66 mcg/mg creatinine

p-hydroxyphenyllactate is a marker of cell turnover. It is also a metabolite in tyrosine degradation and may be useful for studying disorders of tyrosine metabolism.

Phenylacetate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.18 mcg/mg creatinine

Produced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed phenylalanine.

Phenylpropionate

Optimal range: 0 - 0.06 mcg/mg creatinine

Phenylpropionate is a intestinal microbial balance marker. Phenylpropionate is formed from bacterial action on phenylalanine and it should only be present at very low levels.

Picolinate

Optimal range: 2.8 - 13.5 mcg/mg creatinine

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Pyroglutamate (Genova)

Optimal range: 28 - 88 mcg/mg creatinine

Pyroglutamate (or Pyroglutamic acid) is an intermediate in the glutathione metabolism and a marker of glutathione deficiency.

Pyruvate (Genova)

Optimal range: 0 - 6.4 mcg/mg creatinine

Pyruvate feeds into the citric acid cycle & converts into acetyl CoA. Pyruvate is formed from carbohydrate via glucose or glycogen & secondarily from fats (glycerol) & glycogenic amino acids.

Quinolinic acid (Quinolinate) (Genova)

Optimal range: 0 - 5.8 mcg/mg creatinine

Quinolinic acid is a neurotoxic substance produced by our own bodies and a metabolite of tryptophan.

Suberate

Optimal range: 0 - 4.6 mcg/mg creatinine

Suberate, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Succinate

Optimal range: 0 - 20.9 mcg/mg creatinine

Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.

Sulfate

Optimal range: 690 - 2988 mcg/mg creatinine

Sulfate is associated with your body’s use of glutathione, an amino acid critical for removing toxins that is also a powerful antioxidant.

Tricarballylate

Optimal range: 0 - 1.41 mcg/mg creatinine

Tricarballylate is produced by a strain of aerobic bacteria. It binds to magnesium which results in magnesium deficiency.

Vanilmandelate (Genova)

Optimal range: 1.2 - 5.3 mcg/mg creatinine

Vanilmandelate (VMA) and Homovanillate (HVA) are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.

Xanthurenate (Genova)

Optimal range: 0 - 0.46 mcg/mg creatinine

Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein. Inadequate vitamin B6 is one factor that leads to increased concentrations of kynurenate and xanthurenate in urine.