Autoimmune Reactivity Screen

Measures predictive autoantibodies, some of which can appear up to 10 years before clinical symptoms. Efficiently and economically assesses possible tissue damage to multiple organs of the body.

Clinical Use:

- Measure Predictive Antibodies, some of which can appear up to ten years before the clinical onset of disease

- Economically and efficiently assess possible tissue damage to multiple organs of the body

Recommended for Patients Who:

- A diagnosed autoimmune disorder, as they commonly develop additional autoimmune conditions

- Chronic increased intestinal permeability, which is the gateway for environmentally-induced autoimmune disorders

Additional note on expanded array (Array 7X - Neurological Autoimmune Reactivity Screen):

By including IgM, Array 7X helps with early detection of neuro-autoimmune reactivity, the identification of multi-focal motor neuropathy, lower motor neuron syndromes, early development of relapses in multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and as a tool to monitor the effectiveness of related treatment protocols.

21-Hydroxylase (Adrenal Cortex)

Optimal range: 0.6 - 1.9 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH*:
*This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

- Addison’s Disease
- Adrenal Autoimmunity
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Atrophic Gastritis
- Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Graves’ Disease
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
- Vitiligo

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Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgG+IgA

Optimal range: 0 - 2.7 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease
Demyelinating Disease
Graves’ Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Infectious agent exposure
PANDAS / ANDAS / OCD
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Toxin Exposure

Known Cross-Reactions: Streptococcal Protein

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Function: Tubulin is a building block protein and a major component of a cell’s internal cytoskeleton, called microtubules. These structures play key roles in many cellular functions including, interaction with guanine, lateral contacts, interaction with beta and gamma phosphates of nucleotides, interaction with gamma phosphate, longitudinal contacts, backbone interactions with α and β phosphates, hydrophobic contact of conserved residues, nucleotide contacts, MAP-binding domain and acetylation site.

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Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgM

Optimal range: 0 - 1.3 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease
Demyelinating Disease
Graves’ Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Infectious agent exposure
PANDAS / ANDAS / OCD
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Toxin Exposure

Known Cross-Reactions: Streptococcal Protein

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Function: Tubulin is a building block protein and a major component of a cell’s internal cytoskeleton, called microtubules. These structures play key roles in many cellular functions including, interaction with guanine, lateral contacts, interaction with beta and gamma phosphates of nucleotides, interaction with gamma phosphate, longitudinal contacts, backbone interactions with α and β phosphates, hydrophobic contact of conserved residues, nucleotide contacts, MAP-binding domain and acetylation site.

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Alpha-Myosin

Optimal range: 0.6 - 2 ELISA Index

Function:

Myosin, the major contractile protein, converts chemical energy into mechanical force through hydrolysis of ATP. a-Myosin is almost exclusively expressed in cardiac tissue.

Antibodies Appear:

- Autoimmune Myocarditis [3]

- Dilated Cardiomyopathy [3]

- Myasthenia Gravis [5]

- Rheumatic Heart Disease [2]

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Arthritic Peptide

Optimal range: 0 - 1.7 ELISA Index

Function:

Arthritic peptide, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, is an endogenous molecule associated with joints. This cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzes the second step of glycolysis and is found at low levels in serum. Arthritic peptide can stimulate KRN T cells when processed and presented by antigen presenting cells.

Antibodies Appear:

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease [1]

Osteoarthritis [2]

Rheumatoid Arthritis [1, 2, 3]

Known Cross-Reactions:

gliadin, dairy proteins, pork [4]

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ASCA + ANCA

Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.6 ELISA Index

Function:

Saccharomyces cerevisae, baker’s yeast, contains Chl1p, a putative helicase with human homologs (antiSaccharamyces cerevisae antibody – ASCA), which is required for DNA repair, recombination, transcriptional silencing and aging. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a group of autoantibodies against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes.

Antibodies Appear:

Behçet’s Syndrome with GI Involvement

Crohn’s Disease

Long-term use of Anti-Thyroid Medication

Ulcerative Colitis5 Vasculitis

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Asialoganglioside IgG+IgA

Optimal range: 0.6 - 1.6 ELISA Index

GM1 is exposed at the surface of spinal motor neurons, and in the peripheral nerves, it is limited to the node and paranodal region. Low levels of antibodies can be found in normal individuals and in patients with certain autoimmune disorders, however, high titers may be helpful in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB), and paraproteinenia including motor neuron disease and multifocal motor neuropathy.

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Asialoganglioside IgM

Optimal range: 0.1 - 1.4 ELISA Index

Asialoganglioside is exposed at the surface of spinal motor neurons, and in the peripheral nerves, it is limited to the node and paranodal region. Low levels of antibodies can be found in normal individuals and in patients with certain autoimmune disorders, however, high titers may be helpful in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB), and paraproteinenia including motor neuron disease and multifocal motor neuropathy.

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Cerebellar IgG+IgA

Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.5 ELISA Index

Function:

Cerebellum is the part of the brain controlling movement and balance. Inside the cerebellar cortex there are large neurons called Purkinje’s cells. The Cerebellar antibodies test measures antibodies against the cerebellum Purkinje’s Cell Antigens.

Antibodies Appear:

- Autism

- Celiac Disease

- Gluten Ataxia

- Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Syndrome

- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Known Cross-Reactions:

gliadin, tumor cells, Milk butyrophilin

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Cerebellar IgM

Optimal range: 0 - 1.3 ELISA Index

Function:

Cerebellum is the part of the brain controlling movement and balance. Inside the cerebellar cortex there are large neurons called Purkinje’s cells. The Cerebellar antibodies test measures antibodies against the cerebellum Purkinje’s Cell Antigens.

Antibodies Appear:

- Autism

- Celiac Disease

- Gluten Ataxia

- Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Syndrome

- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Known Cross-Reactions:

gliadin, tumor cells, Milk butyrophilin

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Collagen Complex

Optimal range: 0.2 - 1.5 ELISA Index

Function:

Collagen is a group of proteins found in the flesh and connective tissues. The most abundant protein of the human body, Collagen is the main component of connective tissue. Collagen is found in tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin, and is also abundant in cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the gut, and intervertebral disc. The fibroblast is the most common cell which creates collagen. In muscle tissue, collagen serves as a major component of the endomysium.

Antibodies Appear:

Arthritis [4]

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (*rat study) [1]

Type 1 Bullous SLE [3]

Known Cross-Reactions:

Clostridium botulinum, RNA polymerase 20–32, Streptococcus pyogenes; [1] Porphyromonas gingivalis; [5,6] Klebsiella; [7] Chicken collagen; [8] Cow, Pig, Goat and Dog collagen; [9] Cow gelatin [10]

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Cytochrome P450 (Hepatocyte)

Optimal range: 0.8 - 2.3 ELISA Index

Function:

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily is a large and diverse group of enzymes, most of which catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. A hepatocyte is a cell of the main tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the liver’s cytoplasmic mass. These cells play a role in: protein synthesis; protein storage; transformation of carbohydrates; synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids; detoxification; modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances; and initiates formation and secretion of bile.

Antibodies Appear:

Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 [4]

Chronic Hepatitis C [4]

Heptocellular Carcinoma [3]

Liver/Mycrosomal Autoimmunities [1, 2]

Known Cross-Reactions:

asialoglycoprotein receptor, [2]

gliadin [5]

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Fibulin

Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.3 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Atherosclerotic Lesions
Osteoarthritis  

BODY TISSUE:

Joint

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Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65)

Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.9 ELISA Index

Function:

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD), a neuronal protein, is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GAD is also expressed by pancreatic beta cells.

Antibodies Appear:

- Battan disease [6]

- Celiac disease [3]

- Cerebellar ataxia [4]

- Gluten sensitivity [3]

- Polyendocrine autoimmune syndrome [2]

- Stiff-person syndrome [2]

- Type 1 Diabetes [2, 4, 7]

Known Cross-Reactions:

- Casein; [1]

- Coxsackievirus; [5]

- Gliadin; [7]

- Rotavirus; [9]

- Cytomegalovirus; [10, 11]

- Rubella; [12]

- Buckwheat, Amaranth, Rice, Corn, Yeast, Potato, Quinoa, Oats [13]

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ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH*:
*This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Battan Disease
Celiac Disease
Cerebellar Ataxia
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity
Polyendocrine Autoimmune Syndrome
Stiff-Person Syndrome
Type 1 Diabetes

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IA-2 Autoantibody

Optimal range: 0 - 7.49 U/mL

Identification of individuals at risk of type 1 diabetes (including high-risk relatives of patients with diabetes).

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Insulin + Islet Cell Antigen

Optimal range: 0.5 - 1.9 ELISA Index

Intrinsic Factor

Optimal range: 0 - 2.5 ELISA Index

Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 within distal ileum.

Clinical Significance:

Autoantibodies against Intrinsic Factor are considered highly specific to patients with Pernicious Anemia. Intrinsic Factor antibodies are rarely found in the absence of Pernicious Anemia. Less commonly, Intrinsic Factor antibodies may also be found in patients with Graves’ disease and in relatives of patients with Pernicious Anemia.

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Myelin Basic Protein IgG + IgA

Optimal range: 0.6 - 1.7 ELISA Index

Function:

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be important in the process of myelination, the building of myelin sheaths. Thus, MBP is often a target in the demyelination process in various neuroimmune disorders.

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Myelin Basic Protein IgM

Optimal range: 0.3 - 2 ELISA Index

Function:

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be important in the process of myelination, the building of myelin sheaths. Thus, MBP is often a target in the demyelination process in various neuroimmune disorders.

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Myocardial Peptide

Optimal range: 0 - 1.9 ELISA Index

Function:

Myocardial Peptides make up heart structure tissues.

Antibodies Appear:

- Acute Rheumatic Fever [6]

- Autoimmune Myocarditis [1, 2]

- Heart Disease [1, 2, 3]

- Heart Trauma [3, 4, 6]

- Rheumatic Heart Disease [6]

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Osteocyte

Optimal range: 0.7 - 2 ELISA Index

Function:

A star-shaped cell, an osteocyte is an abundant cell found in compact bone. Cytoplasmic extensions, which occupy canals called canaliculi, network osteocytes. Canaliculi are used by osteocytes for the exchange of nutrients and waste through gap junctions. Osteocytes are actively involved in the routine turnover of bony matrix, through various mechanisms. Through a mechanism called osteocytic osteolysis, osteocytes can destroy bone.

Antibodies Appear:

Osteoclastogenesis [4]

Osteopenia [3]

Osteoporosis [3]

Known Cross-Reactions:

Phosphatase I, [1] gliadin [5]

Clinical Significance:

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Ovary/Testis

Optimal range: 0.6 - 1.8 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
Hypogonadism
Premature Menopause
Premature Ovarian Failure

BODY TISSUE:

Reproductive

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Parietal Cell + ATPase

Optimal range: 0 - 2.2 ELISA Index

Associated with:

- Gastric Autoimmunity

- Chronic Atrophic Gastritis

- Pernicious Anemia

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Phospholipid

Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.7 ELISA Index

Function:

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They play a role in the formation of lipid bilayers. Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline.

Antibodies Appear:

- Antiphospholipid Syndrome[1, 4]

- NIDDM [7]

- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [3, 6]

Known Cross-Reactions:

- Anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies [1]

- DNA [2]

- Cardiolipin [2]

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Platelet Glycoprotein

Optimal range: 0.6 - 1.8 ELISA Index

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Arterial Thrombosis
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

BODY TISSUE:

Cardiovascular and Endocrine

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Synapsin IgG+IgA

Optimal range: 0 - 2.1 ELISA Index

Function:

Synapsin I, also known as phosphosynaspin I, is a major immunoreactive protein found in most neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is a member of a group of neuronal phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsin I is present in the nerve terminal of axons, specifically in the membranes of synaptic vesicles.

Antibodies Appear:

- Demyelinating Diseases

- Inhibited Neurotransmitter Release

- Lupus

- Multiple Sclerosis

Known Cross-Reactions:

Gliadin (a protein of wheat)

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Synapsin IgM

Optimal range: 0.1 - 1.5 ELISA Index

Function:

Synapsin I, also known as phosphosynaspin I, is a major immunoreactive protein found in most neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is a member of a group of neuronal phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsin I is present in the nerve terminal of axons, specifically in the membranes of synaptic vesicles.

Antibodies Appear:

- Demyelinating Diseases

- Inhibited Neurotransmitter Release

- Lupus

- Multiple Sclerosis

Known Cross-Reactions:

Gliadin (a protein of wheat)

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Thyroglobulin

Optimal range: 0.5 - 2 ELISA Index

Thyroglobulin IgG

Optimal range: 0 - 200 WHO units

Function:

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein formed by two identical subunits. Tg is synthesized in thyrocytes and released into thyroid follicles where it is most abundant. Tg plays the main role in coupling of iodinized tyrosine residues to form hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), through its specific sites. In order to release these hormones, the thyroid gland has to reabsorb the Tg droplets from the follicular lumen into folicular cells. A small fraction of Tg (around 100 mcg) is released from thyroid on a daily basis.

Antibodies Appear:

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease [1, 2, 3]

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis [1, 2, 3]

Graves’ Disease [1, 2]

Known Cross-Reactions:

Thyroid peroxidase, [4] heat shock protein, [5] Latex hevein [6]

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Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)

Optimal range: 0 - 2.1 ELISA Index

Function:

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid that frees iodine for its addition onto thyroglobulin tyrosine residues for the production of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormones.

Some TPO antibodies may lyse thyroid cells or inhibit TPO enzyme activity, in vitro [2, 7] but in general it is considered an antibody response to thyroid damage inflicted by T-Cells.

Antibodies Appear:

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease [1, 3, 5, 6]

Graves’ Disease [3]

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis [2]

Vitiligo [3, 4]

Known Cross-Reactions:

Thyroglobulin, [9]

Gliadin, [10]

Helicobacter pylori, [11]

heat shock protein [12]

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Thyroid Peroxidase IgG

Optimal range: 0 - 100 WHO units

Function:

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid that frees iodine for its addition onto thyroglobulin tyrosine residues for the production of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormones. Some TPO antibodies may lyse thyroid cells or inhibit TPO enzyme activity, in vitro [2, 7] but in general it is considered an antibody response to thyroid damage inflicted by T-Cells.

Antibodies Appear:

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease [1, 3, 5, 6]

Graves’ Disease (an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones) [3]

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (can cause your thyroid to not make enough thyroid hormone.)[2]

Vitiligo [a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color.] [3, 4]

Known Cross-Reactions:

- Thyroglobulin, [9]

- gliadin, [10]

- Helicobacter pylori, [11]

- heat shock protein [12]

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Tropomyosin

Optimal range: 0 - 3 ELISA Index

Associated with:

• Ulcerative Colitis

• Colon Autoimmunity

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Tropomyosin is a cytoskeletal microfilamental protein that regulates actin mechanics. Tropomyosin plays an important role in muscle contraction. Tropomyosin, along with the troponin complex, works with actin in muscle fibers and manages muscle contraction by regulating the binding of myosin. Tropomyosin isoforms are involved in the stabilization of actin filaments, intracellular organelle movement, cell-shape maintenance and cytokinesis.

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