Metabolic Health

% Free Testosterone is a vital biomarker used to evaluate hormonal health, particularly in men, but also in women. Unlike total testosterone, which measures the overall amount of testosterone in the bloodstream, % Free Testosterone specifically repre

1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a monosaccharide that plays a critical role as a biomarker in the assessment of intermediate glycemic control in individuals, particularly those with diabetes. Unlike conventional markers such as glycated hemoglobin (H

Folates function as cofactors in the transfer and utilization of one carbon groups. These reactions are essential for the production of purines and pyrimidines for DNA synthesis. Folates also play a major role in the regeneration of methionine from h

AC/FC, which stands for Acylcarnitine to Free Carnitine ratio, is an important marker used in the assessment of metabolic health, particularly in diagnosing and managing metabolic disorders related to fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine is a vital molec

Acylcarnitine is a crucial molecule in the body, playing a significant role in the metabolism of fatty acids. Essentially, it acts as a transporter that helps move fatty acids into the mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of our cells, where they can

The adiponectin blood test determines the levels of adiponectin in blood. It is used to diagnose metabolic disorders such as Type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is a hormone that is released from fat cells and will help to control the inflammation of tissue

Adiponectin is a crucial marker often included in metabolic test panels to provide insights into an individual's metabolic health. This protein hormone, produced and secreted by fat cells, plays a significant role in regulating glucose levels and

What is Albumin Excretion Rate? The Albumin Excretion Rate (AER) measures the amount of albumin (a type of protein) excreted in the urine over a set period, usually in a 24-hour sample. It is a valuable marker for assessing kidney function, particul

This test is useful in the management of patients with relatively early diabetes mellitus to assist in avoiding or delaying the onset of diabetic renal disease. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio is the first method of preference to detect elevated protein.

The marker "Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody" is serving as an essential tool in assessing autoimmune thyroid disorders, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Thyroglobulin itself is a protein produced by the thyroid gl

C-Peptide, measured through the Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method, represents a significant advancement in medical diagnostics, offering unparalleled accuracy in assessing pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin produ

Other names: insulin C-peptide, connecting peptide insulin, proinsulin C-peptide C-peptide is a substance made in the pancreas, along with insulin. What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone that controls the body's glucose (blood sugar) leve

Measuring C-peptide is an accurate way to find out how much insulin your body is making. These are the reference ranges for C-Peptide, Ultrasensitive: Adults 8:00 a.m. fasting: 0.4 - 2.1 ng/mL 2 Hours Post Prandial (Sustacal): 1.2

Ceruloplasmin is a copper-containing enzyme that plays a role in the body's iron metabolism. This test measures the amount of ceruloplasmin in the blood.

Choline is an essential nutrient involved in various physiological processes, including cell membrane structure, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. When measured in a urine sample as choline (mg/g creatinine), this biomarker can provid

The Chromium, Plasma test is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing chromium levels in the body. It plays a critical role in monitoring both deficiency and toxicity, particularly in individuals with metabolic disorders, those at risk of environment

Coenzyme Q10, commonly referred to as CoQ10, plays an essential role in the body's energy production and is found in every cell, particularly in the mitochondria, which are often described as the powerhouses of the cells. It is involved in the pr

Creatinine is the endproduct of creatine metabolism. Creatine is present primarily in muscle and the amount of creatinine produced is related to total skeletal muscle mass. Daily creatinine production is fairly constant except when there is massive i

Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine-3′-5′-monophosphate) serves as a 2nd messenger in signal transmission of many hormones, such as adrenaline, ACTH, LH, FSH, glucagon, and calcitonin.

If you’ve recently had lab tests and noticed the Diabetes Risk Index (DRI) on your results, you might be wondering what it means. This test is designed to assess your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition that affects how your

If you’ve recently had lab tests and noticed the Diabetes Risk Index (DRI) on your results, you might be wondering what it means. This test is designed to assess your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition that affects how your

What is dihydrotestosterone? Dihydrotestosterone (=DHT) is a hormone that contributes to the development of sexual structures and characteristics in people assigned male at birth. When DHT levels are too high or too low, it can cause different iss

Dihydrotestosterone is a hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics

Your estimated Average Glucose (eAG) number is calculated from the result of your A1c test. Like the A1c, the eAG shows what your average blood sugars have been over the previous 2 to 3 months, but instead of a percentage, the eAG is in the same unit

Free androgen index is a measure of how much testosterone is free and available for use by the body. Much of the testosterone present in the blood is bound to SHBG, and when bound to SHBG, testosterone is inactive. The free androgen index indicates h

Free insulin, a critical biomarker in diabetes research and management, refers to the fraction of insulin in the bloodstream that is not bound to proteins, making it readily available to regulate blood sugar levels. This marker provides a more accura

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone in humans. A healthcare professional may order a free testosterone blood test if you’re experiencing sexual problems or a secondary condition, like hyperthyroidism, is suspected.  

A free testosterone test for men is a critical diagnostic tool in evaluating and managing a variety of health conditions, primarily those related to hormonal balance and reproductive health. Testosterone, a vital male hormone, plays a significant rol

A free testosterone test for men is a critical diagnostic tool in evaluating and managing a variety of health conditions, primarily those related to hormonal balance and reproductive health. Testosterone, a vital male hormone, plays a significant rol

Although Testosterone is generally viewed as a male-only hormone, women’s ovaries also make small amounts of testosterone. It helps many organs and body processes in women. Free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone are also ref

Although Testosterone is generally viewed as a male-only hormone, women’s ovaries also make small amounts of testosterone. It helps many organs and body processes in women. Free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone are also ref

Fructosamine is found in the plasma of both normal and diabetic individuals. “Fructosamine” is the term used to describe proteins that have been glycated (ie, are derivatives of the nonenzymatic reaction product of glucose and albumin). I

Glutamic acid decarboxylase is an enzyme found in brain and pancreas that converts glutamic acid (glutamate) into GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The glutamic acid decarboxylase test is a test that looks for antibodies directed against the glut

Glycated hemoglobin, commonly known as HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that normally carries oxygen throughout your body. When glucose (sugar) in your bloodstream attache

Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) is the amount of glucose attached to total serum proteins that indicate the average amount of glucose in the blood over the previous two to three weeks. Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) serves as a 2-3 week indicator of av

The A1C test—also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test—is a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months. It’s one of the commonly used tests to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, and i

The marker HOMA-B (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Beta-cell Function) is an important clinical tool used for assessing the function of beta cells in the pancreas. Beta cells play a crucial role in the body's glucose metabolism by producing and

HOMA-IR stands for "Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance". The meaningful part of the acronym is “insulin resistance”. It marks for both the presence and extent of any insulin resistance that you might currentl

What is the HOMA-S test? The HOMA-S test is a quanatitative insulin sensitivity check index/homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity. The HOMA-S test is a valuable tool for predicting the risk of developing diabetes and other metabo

Homocysteine is an amino acid that requires vitamin B12 and folate to be used by our bodies. As such, homocysteine blood tests are often ordered to identify vitamin B12 / folate deficiency. Rarely, an abnormally high level of homocysteine indicate

Insulin is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body, and its primary function is to facilitate the absorption of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells of the body (muscular and fat), as well as the liver.  ----------------

The anti-insulin antibody test checks to see if your body has produced antibodies against insulin. Antibodies are proteins the body produces to protect itself when it detects anything "foreign," such as a virus or transplanted organ.

A score below 33 is optimal. The insulin resistance score correlates with steady state glucose levels achieved during an insulin suppression test, a standard research test for insulin resistance. The score is based on insulin and C-peptide results.

The marker "Insulin, Free (Bioactive)" refers to a test that measures the level of unbound, bioactive insulin in the blood. This measurement is particularly useful for understanding the concentration of insulin that is actively available in

Insulin, Intact, LC/MS/MS is an advanced and precise laboratory test utilized to measure intact insulin levels in the blood, employing the state-of-the-art Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technology. This test stands out for

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that is similar in structure to insulin and works with Growth Hormone to reproduce and regenerate cells. Growth Hormone, made by the pituitary gland, stimulates the liver to produce

Iodine is an essential element that is required for thyroid hormone production.

Monitoring molybdenum levels in the blood is crucial for ensuring proper enzyme function, detoxification, and overall metabolic health. While deficiencies are rare, they can have serious consequences. Conversely, excess molybdenum can lead to toxicit

Nonesterified Fatty Acids (NEFAs), also known as Free Fatty Acids (FFAs), are a type of fatty acid that circulate in the bloodstream without being attached to a glycerol molecule. They play a crucial role in energy metabolism, serving as a major ener

Pregnenolone is a chemical substance that is a precursor to all steroid hormones.

Proinsulin is the precursor of insulin and C-peptide. Following synthesis, proinsulin is packaged into secretory granules, where it is processed to C-peptide and insulin by prohormone convertases and carboxypeptidase E. Only 1% to 3% of proinsulin

Selenium is a vital micronutrient with broad roles in health, including antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone regulation, and immune function. Monitoring selenium levels through the Selenium, Serum/Plasma test is important for identifying deficiencies

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Serum (Male) is a protein produced by the liver that binds to sex hormones, particularly testosterone and estrogen, and transports them in the blood. When SHBG levels are measured, it provides insight into the amou

Sex hormone-binding globulin is a protein that binds primarily to testosterone, making it biologically unusable by our bodies. For this reason, an abnormal level of SHBG indicates that too much or too little testosterone is present in the tissues. In

The T7 Index is used to calculate Free T4, one of the two active thyroid hormones in your bloodstream.

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to album

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to album

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to album

The marker "Testosterone, Free, Calculated (Female)" is an important parameter in assessing various health conditions and understanding the hormonal balance in females. Testosterone, although typically associated with males, is also a vital

Free testosterone is a key biomarker that measures the biologically active portion of testosterone circulating in the bloodstream. Unlike total testosterone, which includes both bound and unbound hormones, free testosterone represents the immediately

This test assesses the level of the hormone testosterone in your bloodstream. Testosterone, an androgen, is primarily responsible for the development of male characteristics. It is synthesized in the testes for males, ovaries for females, and the adr

Testosterone is a male sex hormone or androgen. It is generally low in women and children, but it can be elevated in certain diseases. A certain level of testosterone is important for development and maturation in both genders.

Testosterone is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in men. Testosterone is produced mainly in the testicles and partially by the adrenal glands. In women, low levels of testosterone are produced by the a

Bioavailable testosterone, a crucial hormone in men's health, plays an essential role in maintaining various bodily functions. This form of testosterone, which is readily available for the body's use, significantly influences muscle strength,

Testosterone, though commonly associated with male physiology, is an essential hormone in females as well. Free testosterone represents the unbound form of the hormone, which is biologically active and available to the body’s tissues. It plays

Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in a woman’s ovaries in small amounts as well. Combined with estrogen, the female sex hormone, testosterone helps with the growth, maintenance, and repair of a woman’s reproductive tissues, bone

The testosterone-cortisol ratio is a valuable tool for understanding the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes in your body. Monitoring and optimizing this ratio can enhance physical performance, ensure adequate recovery, and maintain over

Thyroglobulin is the protein precursor of thyroid hormone and is made by normal well differentiated benign thyroid cells or thyroid cancer cells.

What is the Thyroglobulin Antibody test? → A thyroglobulin antibody test looks for certain antibodies that attack the thyroid. The presence of thyroglobulin antibodies may indicate an autoimmune condition. → A thyroglobulin antib

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a protein produced by the thyroid gland and plays a key role in the production of thyroid hormones. Measuring thyroglobulin levels can be an important diagnostic tool, particularly for individuals with thyroid cancer or other th

The Thyrotropin Receptor Ab test detects the autoantibody that's associated with Graves' disease. An antibody is a specialized protein made by your immune system. Antibodies are custom made to kill pathogens in your body, such as viruses or b

Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) is produced in the liver and is the primary circulating (transport) protein that binds thyroid hormones3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and carries them in the bloodstream.

TMA (Trimethylamine) and TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) are key biomarkers in understanding the connection between diet, gut microbiota and heart health. TMA is a small molecule produced by the gut microbiota when we digest certain dietary componen

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small organic compound that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its association with cardiovascular health and disease. TMAO is derived from the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), which is prod

TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide) is a metabolite derived from gut bacteria. This test can powerfully predict future risk for heart attack, stroke, and death in people who appear otherwise healthy. TMAO is a compound produced by the liver after i

Total insulin is a critical marker used to measure the overall insulin levels in the bloodstream, which can provide valuable insights into a person's metabolic health. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a vital role in regul

Triiodothyronine (T3) is the most biologically active thyroid hormone in humans. It is sometimes called total triiodothyronine because it includes both free triiodothyronine and triiodothyronine bound to proteins.

TSH receptor antibodies are antibodies that are often present in the serum of patients with Graves’ disease that are directed against the TSH receptor, often causing stimulation of this receptor with resulting hyperthyroidism. What is G

The Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) antibody is a marker of significant interest in the field of endocrinology, particularly in relation to diabetes. ZnT8 is a protein that plays a critical role in the insulin secretion process within the pancreas. It i