D-Arabinitol

Optimal result: 0 – 73 mcg/mg creatinine

A high level of this marker is indicating candida overgrowth.

Candida overgrowth is associated with nutrient malabsorption and immune system suppression. 

Candida inflames the intestinal mucosa and irritates the gap junctions by downregulating the zonulin pathway. This allows for candida along with a myriad of toxins to exit the intestines and an immune response is elicited. This chronic immune system activation is linked to a desensitized immune system and an immune response that attack normal human cells when activated chronically. Candida antigen has been shown to emulate thyroid autoantigen in the circulatory system, and this results in an immune attack on human cells.

Candida has been shown in clinical studies to be a causative agent of nutritional deficiencies such as EFA (=Essential Fatty Acids), B6, and Magnesium. These are critical nutrients for human survival. EFA and B6 are important nutrients for cognition, and B6 is a versatile coenzyme that is needed for many processes of the body. Magnesium is an essential mineral for a properly functioning cardiovascular system, and low levels are linked to mitral valve prolapse. Vitamins A, B1, B3, B12, C, calcium, and iron have been observed
to be altered in patients suffering from candida overgrowth but studies have yet to confirm candida as the cause.

Potential treatment:

Candida overgrowth can present with varying symptoms and affecting all systems of the body. A practitioner would be best suited to treat the candida overgrowth first due to the number of symptoms it is correlated with, and the nutrient deficiencies it causes. The symptoms in a patient will not resolve unless the candida is first managed, and the gut microbiota can move towards a state of homeostasis.

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D-Arabinitol is a metabolite of candida, and a high level of this marker is associated with invasive candidiasis.

Invasive candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida. Unlike Candida infections in the mouth and throat (also called “thrush”) or vaginal “yeast infections,” invasive candidiasis is a serious infection that can affect the blood, heart, brain, eyes, bones, and other parts of the body. Candidemia, a bloodstream infection with Candida, is a common infection in hospitalized patients.

References: 

- D-arabinitol – a marker for invasive candidiasis [L]

- D-ARABINITOL AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER FOR CANDIDIASIS [L]

D-Arabinitol is a marker for intestinal yeast overgrowth.

Yeast is another class of microbes that can chronically grow in the intestinal tract and cause adverse health effects through the release of toxic metabolites. D-Arabinitol is uniquely produced by intestinal yeast, and the degree of elevation is a useful marker of their growth.

D-arabinitol is produced from dietary carbohydrates when yeasts are rapidly growing in the low oxygen environment of the small intestine.

D-arabinitol is a sugar alcohol produced specifically by Candida spp. The majority of the published literature shows a correlation between serum or urinary D-arabinitol levels and systemic invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals. Several articles have suggested that D-arabinitol is a useful marker for diagnosis of candidiasis in this patient population as well as potentially be a prognostic indicator in a broad range of conditions. While discrete literature evaluating the clinical application to GI candidiasis has not been conducted, D-arabinitol has been used as a functional indicator of relevant clinical Candida overgrowth owing to the existing body of literature. Given that only certain Candida species produce D-arabinitol, it may serve as an indirect assessment for subclinical candidiasis.
References:

- https://www.gdx.net/uk/core-uk/interpretive-guides-uk/Organix-IG.pdf

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10647119

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10487045

D-Arabinitol
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