Function:
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid that frees iodine for its addition onto thyroglobulin tyrosine residues for the production of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormones.
Some TPO antibodies may lyse thyroid cells or inhibit TPO enzyme activity, in vitro [2, 7] but in general it is considered an antibody response to thyroid damage inflicted by T-Cells.
Antibodies Appear:
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease [1, 3, 5, 6]
Graves’ Disease [3]
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis [2]
Vitiligo [3, 4]
Known Cross-Reactions:
Thyroglobulin, [9]
Gliadin, [10]
Helicobacter pylori, [11]
heat shock protein [12]
Clinical Significance:
Autoimmunity occurs when antibodies against TPO cause gradual destruction of follicles in the thyroid gland, and decrease assimilation of thyroid hormones into the cells. [5, 6, 8]
Elevated antibodies to TPO are often associated with a hypothyroid condition called Hashimoto’s Disease. It is important to note that TPO antibodies can be detected in circulation long before the change of thyroid function can be observed by changes in the TSH levels. [1]
Additionally, Vitiligo often precedes thyroid dysfunction, [3] and thus Vitiligo patients should be screened for thyroid disorders.
Researchers have shown that there is an increased risk of autoimmune and/or endocrine disorders in first and second degree relatives of vitiligo patients with positive organ-specific antibodies. [4]
References:
1. Bjøro, et al. Prevalence of thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in a large, unselected population. The study on health Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT). Eur J Endocrinol, 2000; 143:639-647.
2. Chiovato, et al. Antibodies producing complement-mediated thyroid cytotoxicity in patients with atrophic or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993; 77(6):1700-1705.
3. Daneshpazhooh, et al. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and vitiligo: a controlled study. BMC Dermatol, 2006; 6(3):1-5.
4. Grimes, et al. Autoantibodies and their clinical significance in a black vitiligo population. Arch Dermatol, 1983; 119:300-303.
5. Guo, et al. Search for the Autoantibody Immunodominant Region on Thyroid Peroxidase: Epitopic Footprinting with a Human Monoclonal Autoantibody Locates a Facet on the Native Antigen Containing a Highly Conformational Epitope. J Immunol, 2001; 166:1327-1333.
6. Kaczur, et al. Effect of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies on TPO activity measured by chemiluminescence assay. Clin Chem, 1997; 43(8):1392-1396.
7. Kohno, et al. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in sera from healthy subjects and from patients with chronic thyroiditis: differences in the ability to inhibit thyroid peroxidase activities. Clin Exp Immunol, 1991; 85(3):459-463.
8. Roddiger, et al. Detection of thyroid peroxidase mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with malignant and benign thyroid diseases. J Molec Endocrinol, 2002; 29:287-295.
9. Thrasyvoulides and Lymberi. Antibodies cross-reacting with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are induced by immunization of rabbits with an immunogenic thyroglobulin 20mer peptide. Clin Exp Immuno, 2004; 138(3):423-429
10. Vojdani and Tarash. Cross-reaction between gliadin and different food and tissue antigens, Food Nutri Sci, 2013; 4:20-32.
11. Ko, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against Helicobacter pylori cross-react with human tissue. Helicobacter, 1997; 2(4):210-215.
12. Gammazza, et al. Elevated blood Hsp60, its structural similarities and cross-reactivity with thyroid molecules, and its presence on the plasma membrane of oncocytes point to the chaperonin as an immunopathogenic factor in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cell Stress Chaperones, 2014; 19(3):343-353.
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Autoimmunity occurs when antibodies against TPO cause gradual destruction of follicles in the thyroid gland, and decrease assimilation of thyroid hormones into the cells. [5, 6, 8]
Elevated antibodies to TPO are often associated with a hypothyroid condition called Hashimoto’s Disease. It is important to note that TPO antibodies can be detected in circulation long before the change of thyroid function can be observed by changes in the TSH levels. [1]
Additionally, Vitiligo often precedes thyroid dysfunction, [3] and thus Vitiligo patients should be screened for thyroid disorders.
Researchers have shown that there is an increased risk of autoimmune and/or endocrine disorders in first and second degree relatives of vitiligo patients with positive organ-specific antibodies. [4]
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Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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21-Hydroxylase (Adrenal Cortex), Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgG+IgA, Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgM, Alpha-Myosin, Arthritic Peptide, ASCA + ANCA, Asialoganglioside IgG+IgA, Asialoganglioside IgM, Cerebellar IgG+IgA, Cerebellar IgM, Collagen Complex, Cytochrome P450 (Hepatocyte), Fibulin, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody, IA-2 Autoantibody, Insulin + Islet Cell Antigen, Intrinsic Factor, Myelin Basic Protein IgG + IgA, Myelin Basic Protein IgM, Myocardial Peptide, Osteocyte, Ovary/Testis, Parietal Cell + ATPase, Phospholipid, Platelet Glycoprotein, Synapsin IgG+IgA, Synapsin IgM, Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin IgG, Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO), Thyroid Peroxidase IgG, Tropomyosin
