Function:
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily is a large and diverse group of enzymes, most of which catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. A hepatocyte is a cell of the main tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the liver’s cytoplasmic mass. These cells play a role in: protein synthesis; protein storage; transformation of carbohydrates; synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids; detoxification; modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances; and initiates formation and secretion of bile.
Antibodies Appear:
Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 [4]
Chronic Hepatitis C [4]
Heptocellular Carcinoma [3]
Liver/Mycrosomal Autoimmunities [1, 2]
Known Cross-Reactions:
asialoglycoprotein receptor, [2]
gliadin [5]
Clinical Significance:
Because anti-hepatocyte antibodies have high specificity for autoimmune hepatitis and are directed against a single antigen, increased antibody levels may indicate a pertinent pathogenic process. Antibodies to hepatocytes may be potential markers of a genetic propensity for recrudescent disease, the target autoantigen, and nonspecific autoimmune exacerbators. Hepatocyte antibodies can be used as complementary to conventional markers, such as anti-nuclear antibodies and actin antibodies, in the clinical assessment of patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. [2]
Alopecia has been recognized as an extrahepatic manifestation of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and thus its appearance could alert the practitioner to an increased risk of autoimmune hepatitis in the pediatric population. [1]
References:
1. Chaves, et al. Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitits associated with alopecia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1991; 12:288-290.
2. Czaja, et al. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas and HLA risk factors for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am Coll Gastroenterol, 2002; 97(2):413-419.
3. Wood, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to skin: diagnostic utility of antihuman hepatocyte antibody in combination with albumin in situ hybridization. J Cutan Pathol, 2009; 36:262-266.
4. Zachou, et al. Autoantibodies and autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis: important tools in clinical practice and to study pathogenesis of the disease. J Autoimmune Dis, 2004; 1:2 doi:10.1186/1740-2557-1-2
5. Vojdani and Tarash. Cross-reaction between gliadin and different food and tissue antigens, Food Nutri Sci, 2013; 4:20-32.
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Because anti-hepatocyte antibodies have high specificity for autoimmune hepatitis and are directed against a single antigen, increased antibody levels may indicate a pertinent pathogenic process. Antibodies to hepatocytes may be potential markers of a genetic propensity for recrudescent disease, the target autoantigen, and nonspecific autoimmune exacerbators. Hepatocyte antibodies can be used as complementary to conventional markers, such as anti-nuclear antibodies and actin antibodies, in the clinical assessment of patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. [2]
Alopecia has been recognized as an extrahepatic manifestation of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and thus its appearance could alert the practitioner to an increased risk of autoimmune hepatitis in the pediatric population. [1]
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21-Hydroxylase (Adrenal Cortex), Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgG+IgA, Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgM, Alpha-Myosin, Arthritic Peptide, ASCA + ANCA, Asialoganglioside IgG+IgA, Asialoganglioside IgM, Cerebellar IgG+IgA, Cerebellar IgM, Collagen Complex, Cytochrome P450 (Hepatocyte), Fibulin, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody, IA-2 Autoantibody, Insulin + Islet Cell Antigen, Intrinsic Factor, Myelin Basic Protein IgG + IgA, Myelin Basic Protein IgM, Myocardial Peptide, Osteocyte, Ovary/Testis, Parietal Cell + ATPase, Phospholipid, Platelet Glycoprotein, Synapsin IgG+IgA, Synapsin IgM, Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin IgG, Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO), Thyroid Peroxidase IgG, Tropomyosin