Function:
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They play a role in the formation of lipid bilayers. Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline.
Antibodies Appear:
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome[1, 4]
- NIDDM [7]
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [3, 6]
Known Cross-Reactions:
- Anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies [1]
- DNA [2]
- Cardiolipin [2]
Clinical Significance:
Antibodies against phospholipids may have an important role in mediating platelet destruction in autoimmune disorders. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PL) have been shown to bind to the membrane of activated platelets; thus it has been postulated that this may result in increased destruction of platelets by the reticuloendothelial system. [3]
Anti-PL have been demonstrated in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [3]
Anti-PL are directed against a diverse group of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins; among these, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2-GP-I) and anti-prothrombin antibodies seem to be the most relevant from the clinical viewpoint. [1]
Anti-PL have been found in moderate and severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and thus may suggest that autoimmune nerve destruction may be involved in diabetic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. [7]
Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome may appear as a stand-alone syndrome or associated with major connective tissue disease such as SLE and may manifest in a number of neurological conditions. [1]
Widespread thrombosis and infarction of placentas obtained from women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was actually reported both in first and second trimester abortions. [4] There is evidence from in vitro studies that anti-PL may induce pro-coagulant state at the placental level, thus playing a pathogenic role of thrombotic events in anti-PL-associated pregnancy. [4]
It can be concluded that impaired endothelial fibrinolysis is a potential prothrombotic mechanism in subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies. [5]
References:
1. Caponi, et al. Antibodies directed against ribosomal P proteins cross-react with phospholipids. Clin exp Immunol, 2007; 150:140–143.
2. Koike, et al. Antibodies cross-reactive with DNA and cardiolipin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin exp Immunol, 1982; 50:298-302.
3. Lipp, et al. Antibodies against platelet glycoproteins and antiphospholipid antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Haemotol, 1998; 60:283-288.
4. Meroni, et al. Anti-phospholipid antibody mediated fetal loss: still an open question from a pathogenic point of view. Lupus, 2010; 19:453-456.
5. Patterson, et al. The influence of anti-endothelial/antiphospholipid antibodies on fibrin formation and lysis on endothelial cells. Br J Haematol, 2006; 133:323–330.
6. Petri. Update on anti-phospholipid antibodies in SLE: the Hopkins’ Lupus Cohort. Lupus, 2010; 19:419-423.
7. Shigeta, et al. Serum Autoantibodies Against Sulfatide and Phospholipid in NIDDM Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 1997; 20(12): 1896-1899.
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Antibodies against phospholipids may have an important role in mediating platelet destruction in autoimmune disorders. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PL) have been shown to bind to the membrane of activated platelets; thus it has been postulated that this may result in increased destruction of platelets by the reticuloendothelial system. [3]
Anti-PL have been demonstrated in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [3]
Anti-PL are directed against a diverse group of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins; among these, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2-GP-I) and anti-prothrombin antibodies seem to be the most relevant from the clinical viewpoint. [1]
Anti-PL have been found in moderate and severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and thus may suggest that autoimmune nerve destruction may be involved in diabetic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. [7]
Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome may appear as a stand-alone syndrome or associated with major connective tissue disease such as SLE and may manifest in a number of neurological conditions. [1]
Widespread thrombosis and infarction of placentas obtained from women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was actually reported both in first and second trimester abortions. [4] There is evidence from in vitro studies that anti-PL may induce pro-coagulant state at the placental level, thus playing a pathogenic role of thrombotic events in anti-PL-associated pregnancy. [4]
It can be concluded that impaired endothelial fibrinolysis is a potential prothrombotic mechanism in subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies. [5]
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Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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21-Hydroxylase (Adrenal Cortex), Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgG+IgA, Alpha + Beta Tubulin IgM, Alpha-Myosin, Arthritic Peptide, ASCA + ANCA, Asialoganglioside IgG+IgA, Asialoganglioside IgM, Cerebellar IgG+IgA, Cerebellar IgM, Collagen Complex, Cytochrome P450 (Hepatocyte), Fibulin, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody, IA-2 Autoantibody, Insulin + Islet Cell Antigen, Intrinsic Factor, Myelin Basic Protein IgG + IgA, Myelin Basic Protein IgM, Myocardial Peptide, Osteocyte, Ovary/Testis, Parietal Cell + ATPase, Phospholipid, Platelet Glycoprotein, Synapsin IgG+IgA, Synapsin IgM, Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin IgG, Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO), Thyroid Peroxidase IgG, Tropomyosin
