Autoimmune Reactivity Screen

Phospholipid

Optimal Result: 0.4 - 1.7 ELISA Index.

Function:

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They play a role in the formation of lipid bilayers. Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline.

Antibodies Appear:

- Antiphospholipid Syndrome[1, 4]

- NIDDM [7]

- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [3, 6]

Known Cross-Reactions:

- Anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies [1]

- DNA [2]

- Cardiolipin [2]

Clinical Significance:

Antibodies against phospholipids may have an important role in mediating platelet destruction in autoimmune disorders. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PL) have been shown to bind to the membrane of activated platelets; thus it has been postulated that this may result in increased destruction of platelets by the reticuloendothelial system. [3]

Anti-PL have been demonstrated in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [3]

Anti-PL are directed against a diverse group of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins; among these, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2-GP-I) and anti-prothrombin antibodies seem to be the most relevant from the clinical viewpoint. [1]

Anti-PL have been found in moderate and severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and thus may suggest that autoimmune nerve destruction may be involved in diabetic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. [7]

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome may appear as a stand-alone syndrome or associated with major connective tissue disease such as SLE and may manifest in a number of neurological conditions. [1]

Widespread thrombosis and infarction of placentas obtained from women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was actually reported both in first and second trimester abortions. [4] There is evidence from in vitro studies that anti-PL may induce pro-coagulant state at the placental level, thus playing a pathogenic role of thrombotic events in anti-PL-associated pregnancy. [4]

It can be concluded that impaired endothelial fibrinolysis is a potential prothrombotic mechanism in subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies. [5]

References:

1. Caponi, et al. Antibodies directed against ribosomal P proteins cross-react with phospholipids. Clin exp Immunol, 2007; 150:140–143.

2. Koike, et al. Antibodies cross-reactive with DNA and cardiolipin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin exp Immunol, 1982; 50:298-302.

3. Lipp, et al. Antibodies against platelet glycoproteins and antiphospholipid antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Haemotol, 1998; 60:283-288.

4. Meroni, et al. Anti-phospholipid antibody mediated fetal loss: still an open question from a pathogenic point of view. Lupus, 2010; 19:453-456.

5. Patterson, et al. The influence of anti-endothelial/antiphospholipid antibodies on fibrin formation and lysis on endothelial cells. Br J Haematol, 2006; 133:323–330.

6. Petri. Update on anti-phospholipid antibodies in SLE: the Hopkins’ Lupus Cohort. Lupus, 2010; 19:419-423.

7. Shigeta, et al. Serum Autoantibodies Against Sulfatide and Phospholipid in NIDDM Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 1997; 20(12): 1896-1899.

What does it mean if your Phospholipid result is too high?

Antibodies against phospholipids may have an important role in mediating platelet destruction in autoimmune disorders. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PL) have been shown to bind to the membrane of activated platelets; thus it has been postulated that this may result in increased destruction of platelets by the reticuloendothelial system. [3]

Anti-PL have been demonstrated in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [3]

Anti-PL are directed against a diverse group of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins; among these, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2-GP-I) and anti-prothrombin antibodies seem to be the most relevant from the clinical viewpoint. [1]

Anti-PL have been found in moderate and severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and thus may suggest that autoimmune nerve destruction may be involved in diabetic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. [7]

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome may appear as a stand-alone syndrome or associated with major connective tissue disease such as SLE and may manifest in a number of neurological conditions. [1]

Widespread thrombosis and infarction of placentas obtained from women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was actually reported both in first and second trimester abortions. [4] There is evidence from in vitro studies that anti-PL may induce pro-coagulant state at the placental level, thus playing a pathogenic role of thrombotic events in anti-PL-associated pregnancy. [4]

It can be concluded that impaired endothelial fibrinolysis is a potential prothrombotic mechanism in subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies. [5]

10 000+ happy clients
100% satisfaction
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ customer support

Understand blood, stool, and urine medical results from all your laboratories.

Get Started With Our Personal Plan

Advanced Plan

  • ✓ Yearly subscription
  • ✓ Five free uploads
  • ✓ Cancel anytime
  • ✓ Instant interpretations
  • ✓ Use the free self-upload form
  • ✓ 3000+ biomarkers explained
  • ✓ Nutrition Recommendations
  • ✓ Dedicated support
  • ✓ Yearly subscription
  • ✓ Five free uploads
  • ✓ Cancel anytime
$79 per year
  • ✓ Instant interpretations
  • ✓ Use the free self-upload form
  • ✓ 3000+ biomarkers explained
  • ✓ Nutrition Recommendations
  • ✓ Dedicated support

Unlimited Plan

  • ✓ No subscription
  • ✓ Ten free uploads
  • ✓ Unlimited access
  • ✓ Instant interpretations
  • ✓ Use the free self-upload form
  • ✓ 3000+ biomarkers explained
  • ✓ Nutrition Recommendations
  • ✓ Dedicated support
  • ✓ No subscription
  • ✓ Ten free uploads
  • ✓ Unlimited access
$250 full version

Are You a Health Professional?

Get started with our professional plan

Welcome to Healthmatters Pro.

Save time on interpreting lab results with the largest database of biomarkers online. In-depth research on any test at your fingertips, all stored and tracked in one place. Learn more

Pro Plan

for health professionals

  • ✓ Track multiple clients results
  • ✓ No setup fees
  • ✓ No hidden costs
  • ✓ Cancel anytime
  • ✓ Instant interpretations
  • ✓ Use the free template forms
  • ✓ 3000+ biomarkers explained
  • ✓ Additional team member $25
  • ✓ Personal training and support

$45 per month

Use promo code to save 10% off any plan.


We implement proven measures to keep your data safe.

At HealthMatters, we're committed to maintaining the security and confidentiality of your personal information. We've put industry-leading security standards in place to help protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of the information under our control. We use procedural, physical, and electronic security methods designed to prevent unauthorized people from getting access to this information. Our internal code of conduct adds additional privacy protection. All data is backed up multiple times a day and encrypted using SSL certificates. See our Privacy Policy for more details.

×

Understand Your Lab Result Now

  • Instant interpretation
  • 3000+ biomarkers explained
  • Science-based recommendations
  • Online support
  • Secure and private portal

Get 10% off with promocode: