The Organic Acids Test measures levels of HVA (homovanillic acid) and VMA (vanillylmandelic acid), the metabolites of the neurotransmitters, dopamine and epinephrine/norepinephrine. It also measures the ratio of the two metabolites.
Elevated HVA and decreased VMA may be caused by Clostridia infection or lead toxicity.
An elevated ratio is often the result of decreased conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine by the enzyme, dopamine beta-hydroxylase. This inhibition is commonly caused by Clostridia by-products, including HPHPA, 4-cresol, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which are also measured in the OAT.
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The HVA/VMA ratio reflects the balance between dopamine and norepinephrine/ epinephrine production by catecholamine producing neurons in the central nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal gland.
- A common reason for an elevation of the HVA/VMA ratio is a decreased conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. The enzyme responsible for this conversion, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), is copper and vitamin C dependent so an elevated ratio could be due to deficiencies of these cofactors.
- Another common reasons for this elevated ratio is inhibition of this enzyme by Clostridia byproducts including HPHPA, 4-cresol, or 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
- Other causes of an increased ratio include inhibition of DBH by the mold metabolite fusaric acid, pharmaceuticals such as disulfiram, or food additives like aspartame.
- Another cause for an elevated ratio is a genetic variation (single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP) of the DBH enzyme. Alternatively, the activity of the DBH enzyme can be measured on blood serum.
- High ratios are common in a large number of neuropsychiatric diseases regardless of the reason for DBH deficiency.
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Anthony
Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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2-Hydroxybutyric, 2-Hydroxybutyric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Hydroxybutyric (Males Under Age 13), 2-Hydroxyhippuric, 2-Hydroxyhippuric (Females Under Age 13), 2-Hydroxyhippuric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Hydroxyhippuric (Males Under Age 13), 2-Hydroxyisocaproic, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Hydroxyisocaproic (Males Under Age 13), 2-Hydroxyisovaleric, 2-Hydroxyisovaleric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Hydroxyisovaleric (Males Under Age 13), 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic, 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic (Males Under Age 13), 2-Oxo-4-methiolbutyric, 2-Oxo-4-methiolbutyric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Oxo-4-methiolbutyric (Males Under Age 13), 2-Oxoglutaric, 2-Oxoglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Oxoglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 2-Oxoisocaproic, 2-Oxoisocaproic (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Oxoisocaproic (Males Under Age 13), 2-Oxoisovaleric, 2-Oxoisovaleric (Males Age 13 and Over), 2-Oxoisovaleric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (HMG), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Hydroxybutyric, 3-Hydroxybutyric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxybutyric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Hydroxyglutaric, 3-Hydroxyglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxyglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Indoleacetic, 3-Indoleacetic (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Indoleacetic (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric, 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaconic, 3-Methylglutaconic (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methylglutaconic (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaric, 3-Methylglutaric (Females Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methylglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Oxoglutaric, 3-Oxoglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Oxoglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 4-Cresol, 4-Cresol (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Cresol (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxybenzoic, 4-Hydroxybenzoic (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Hydroxybenzoic (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxybutyric, 4-Hydroxybutyric (Females Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxybutyric (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Hydroxybutyric (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxyhippuric, 4-Hydroxyhippuric (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Hydroxyhippuric (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic (Females Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic, 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic (Males Under Age 13), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) (Males Age 13 and Over), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) (Males Under Age 13), 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic, 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic (Males Age 13 and Over), 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic (Males Under Age 13), Acetoacetic, Acetoacetic (Males Age 13 and Over), Acetoacetic (Males Under Age 13), Aconitic, Aconitic (Males Age 13 and Over), Aconitic (Males Under Age 13), Adipic, Adipic (Males Age 13 and Over), Adipic (Males Under Age 13), Arabinose, Arabinose (Females Under Age 13), Arabinose (Males Age 13 and Over), Arabinose (Males Under Age 13), Ascorbic, Ascorbic (Males Age 13 and Over), Ascorbic (Males Under Age 13), Carboxycitric, Carboxycitric (Males Age 13 and Over), Carboxycitric (Males Under Age 13), Citramalic, Citramalic (Males Age 13 and Over), Citramalic (Males Under Age 13), Citric, Citric (Males Age 13 and Over), Citric (Males Under Age 13), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria) (Males Age 13 and Over), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria) (Males Under Age 13), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Females Under Age 13), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Males Age 13 and Over), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Males Under Age 13), Ethylmalonic, Ethylmalonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Ethylmalonic (Males Under Age 13), Fumaric, Fumaric (Males Age 13 and Over), Fumaric (Males Under Age 13), Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic, Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic (Males Age 13 and Over), Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic (Males Under Age 13), Furancarbonylglycine, Furancarbonylglycine (Females Under Age 13), Furancarbonylglycine (Males Age 13 and Over), Furancarbonylglycine (Males Under Age 13), Glutaric, Glutaric (Females Under Age 13), Glutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), Glutaric (Males Under Age 13), Glyceric, Glyceric (Males Age 13 and Over), Glyceric (Males Under Age 13), Glycolic, Glycolic (Males Age 13 and Over), Glycolic (Males Under Age 13), Hippuric, Hippuric (Females Under Age 13), Hippuric (Males Age 13 and Over), Hippuric (Males Under Age 13), Homogentisic, Homogentisic (Males Age 13 and Over), Homogentisic (Males Under Age 13), Homovanillic (HVA), Homovanillic (HVA) (Males Age 13 and Over), Homovanillic (HVA) (Males Under Age 13), HPHPA, HPHPA (Males Age 13 and Over), HPHPA (Males Under Age 13), HVA / VMA Ratio, HVA / VMA Ratio (Males Age 13 and Over), HVA / VMA Ratio (Males Under Age 13), HVA/ DOPAC Ratio, HVA/ DOPAC Ratio (Males Age 13 and Over), HVA/ DOPAC Ratio (Males Under Age 13), Kynurenic, Kynurenic (Males Age 13 and Over), Kynurenic (Males Under Age 13), Lactic, Lactic (Males Age 13 and Over), Lactic (Males Under Age 13), Malic, Malic (Males Age 13 and Over), Malic (Males Under Age 13), Malonic, Malonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Malonic (Males Under Age 13), Mandelic, Mandelic (Males Age 13 and Over), Mandelic (Males Under Age 13), Methylcitric, Methylcitric (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylcitric (Males Under Age 13), Methylmalonic, Methylmalonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylmalonic (Males Under Age 13), Methylsuccinic, Methylsuccinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylsuccinic (Males Under Age 13), N-Acetylaspartic, N-Acetylaspartic (Males Age 13 and Over), N-Acetylaspartic (Males Under Age 13), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (Males Age 13 and Over), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (Males Under Age 13), Orotic, Orotic (Females Under Age 13), Orotic (Males Age 13 and Over), Orotic (Males Under Age 13), Oxalic, Oxalic (Females Under Age 13), Oxalic (Males Age 13 and Over), Oxalic (Males Under Age 13), Pantothenic (B5), Pantothenic (B5) (Males Age 13 and Over), Pantothenic (B5) (Males Under Age 13), Phenyllactic, Phenyllactic (Males Age 13 and Over), Phenyllactic (Males Under Age 13), Phenylpyruvic, Phenylpyruvic (Males Age 13 and Over), Phenylpyruvic (Males Under Age 13), Phosphoric, Phosphoric (Males Age 13 and Over), Phosphoric (Males Under Age 13), Pyridoxic (B6), Pyridoxic (B6) (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyridoxic (B6) (Males Under Age 13), Pyroglutamic, Pyroglutamic (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyroglutamic (Males Under Age 13), Pyruvic, Pyruvic (Females Under Age 13), Pyruvic (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyruvic (Males Under Age 13), Quinolinic, Quinolinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Quinolinic (Males Under Age 13), Quinolinic / 5-HIAA Ratio, Sebacic, Sebacic (Males Age 13 and Over), Sebacic (Males Under Age 13), Suberic, Suberic (Males Age 13 and Over), Suberic (Males Under Age 13), Succinic, Succinic (Females Under Age 13), Succinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Succinic (Males Under Age 13), Tartaric, Tartaric (Males Age 13 and Over), Tartaric (Males Under Age 13), Thymine, Thymine (Males Age 13 and Over), Thymine (Males Under Age 13), Tricarballylic, Tricarballylic (Females Under Age 13), Tricarballylic (Males Age 13 and Over), Tricarballylic (Males Under Age 13), Uracil, Uracil (Males Age 13 and Over), Uracil (Males Under Age 13), Vanillylmandelic (VMA), Vanillylmandelic (VMA) (Males Age 13 and Over), Vanillylmandelic (VMA) (Males Under Age 13)
