It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria.
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid may be an indication of SIBO. It also becomes elevated with Giardia.
Elevated 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is associated with intestinal bacteria overgrowth.
Possible causes:
- Excessive phenylaline (dietary or PKU) or tyrosine
- Reduced oxygenation (Fe deficiency, anemia, pulmonary disorder)
- Low tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) - an essential cofactor for phenylaline, tyrosine, tryptophan & nitric oxide
Additional investigations:
- Urinary Amino Acids
- Iron Studies
Treatment considerations:
- Rule out excessive phenylaline & or tyrosine
- Address oxygenation (correct anemia, pulmonary problems, cardiac insufficiency)
- Supplement vitamin C (increases BH4 levels in the body)
- 5-MTHF (from folic acid) may help nitric oxide production when BH4 is low
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2-Hydroxybutyric, 2-Hydroxyhippuric, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic, 2-Hydroxyisovaleric, 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic, 2-Oxo-4-methiolbutyric, 2-Oxoglutaric, 2-Oxoisocaproic, 2-Oxoisovaleric, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (HMG), 3-Hydroxybutyric, 3-Hydroxyglutaric, 3-Indoleacetic, 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric, 3-Methylglutaconic, 3-Methylglutaric, 3-Oxoglutaric, 4-Cresol, 4-Hydroxybenzoic, 4-Hydroxybutyric, 4-Hydroxyhippuric, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA), 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic, Acetoacetic, Aconitic, Adipic, Arabinose, Ascorbic, Carboxycitric, Citramalic, Citric, DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), Ethylmalonic, Fumaric, Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic, Furancarbonylglycine, Glutaric, Glyceric, Glycolic, Hippuric, Homogentisic, Homovanillic (HVA), HPHPA, HVA / VMA Ratio, HVA/ DOPAC Ratio, Kynurenic, Lactic, Malic, Malonic, Mandelic, Methylcitric, Methylmalonic, Methylsuccinic, N-Acetylaspartic, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), Orotic, Oxalic, Pantothenic (B5), Phenyllactic, Phenylpyruvic, Phosphoric, Pyridoxic (B6), Pyroglutamic, Pyruvic, Quinolinic, Quinolinic / 5-HIAA Ratio, Sebacic, Suberic, Succinic, Tartaric, Thymine, Tricarballylic, Uracil, Vanillylmandelic (VMA)
