2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (aka Leucic acid / α-hydroxyisocaproic acid / HICA) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine. Leucine plays a significant role in the synthesis of muscle protein.
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2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (aka Leucic acid / α-hydroxyisocaproic acid / HICA) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
Moderate increase may result from:
- Lactic acidosis - Lactic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis that begins when a person overproduces or underutilizes lactic acid, and their body is not able to adjust to these changes. People with lactic acidosis have problems with their liver (and sometimes their kidneys) being able to remove excess acid from their body.
- Episodic ketosis - when you go on a very high protein, severely carbohydrate-restricted diet. Your body becomes starved for glucose. Ketosis is your body's way of making up for this lack of fuel. Ketosis increases acids in your bloodstream. Episodic ketosis can lead to kidney damage and increase risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Deficiencies of the vitamins B1 (thiamine) or lipoic acid.
Potential treatment options:
People with slight to moderate elevations may use dietary supplements containing thiamine to improve clinical symptoms.
Elevated 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid in urine has also been linked to short bowel syndrome. It may also be an indicator of oxidative stress.
Significant elevations are associated with:
- Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). MSUD is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting branched-chain amino acids. It is one type of organic acidemia. The condition gets its name from the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants' urine, particularly prior to diagnosis, and during times of acute illness.
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD) is a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical signs with metabolic and neurological components of varying severity. Manifestations range from often fatal, severe, neonatal lactic acidosis to later-onset neurological disorders.
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Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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(HMG), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Hydroxybutyric, 3-Hydroxybutyric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxybutyric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Hydroxyglutaric, 3-Hydroxyglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Hydroxyglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Indoleacetic, 3-Indoleacetic (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Indoleacetic (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric, 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaconic, 3-Methylglutaconic (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methylglutaconic (Males Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaric, 3-Methylglutaric (Females Under Age 13), 3-Methylglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Methylglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 3-Oxoglutaric, 3-Oxoglutaric (Males Age 13 and Over), 3-Oxoglutaric (Males Under Age 13), 4-Cresol, 4-Cresol (Males Age 13 and Over), 4-Cresol (Males Under Age 13), 4-Hydroxybenzoic, 4-Hydroxybenzoic (Males Age 13 and Over), 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Age 13 and Over), Adipic (Males Under Age 13), Arabinose, Arabinose (Females Under Age 13), Arabinose (Males Age 13 and Over), Arabinose (Males Under Age 13), Ascorbic, Ascorbic (Males Age 13 and Over), Ascorbic (Males Under Age 13), Carboxycitric, Carboxycitric (Males Age 13 and Over), Carboxycitric (Males Under Age 13), Citramalic, Citramalic (Males Age 13 and Over), Citramalic (Males Under Age 13), Citric, Citric (Males Age 13 and Over), Citric (Males Under Age 13), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria) (Males Age 13 and Over), DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria) (Males Under Age 13), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Females Under Age 13), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Males Age 13 and Over), Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC) (Males Under Age 13), Ethylmalonic, Ethylmalonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Ethylmalonic (Males Under Age 13), Fumaric, Fumaric (Males Age 13 and Over), Fumaric (Males Under Age 13), Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic, 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Ratio (Males Age 13 and Over), HVA/ DOPAC Ratio (Males Under Age 13), Kynurenic, Kynurenic (Males Age 13 and Over), Kynurenic (Males Under Age 13), Lactic, Lactic (Males Age 13 and Over), Lactic (Males Under Age 13), Malic, Malic (Males Age 13 and Over), Malic (Males Under Age 13), Malonic, Malonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Malonic (Males Under Age 13), Mandelic, Mandelic (Males Age 13 and Over), Mandelic (Males Under Age 13), Methylcitric, Methylcitric (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylcitric (Males Under Age 13), Methylmalonic, Methylmalonic (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylmalonic (Males Under Age 13), Methylsuccinic, Methylsuccinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Methylsuccinic (Males Under Age 13), N-Acetylaspartic, N-Acetylaspartic (Males Age 13 and Over), N-Acetylaspartic (Males Under Age 13), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (Males Age 13 and Over), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (Males Under Age 13), Orotic, Orotic (Females Under Age 13), Orotic (Males Age 13 and Over), Orotic (Males Under Age 13), Oxalic, Oxalic (Females Under Age 13), Oxalic (Males Age 13 and Over), Oxalic (Males Under Age 13), Pantothenic (B5), Pantothenic (B5) (Males Age 13 and Over), Pantothenic (B5) (Males Under Age 13), Phenyllactic, Phenyllactic (Males Age 13 and Over), Phenyllactic (Males Under Age 13), Phenylpyruvic, Phenylpyruvic (Males Age 13 and Over), Phenylpyruvic (Males Under Age 13), Phosphoric, Phosphoric (Males Age 13 and Over), Phosphoric (Males Under Age 13), Pyridoxic (B6), Pyridoxic (B6) (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyridoxic (B6) (Males Under Age 13), Pyroglutamic, Pyroglutamic (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyroglutamic (Males Under Age 13), Pyruvic, Pyruvic (Females Under Age 13), Pyruvic (Males Age 13 and Over), Pyruvic (Males Under Age 13), Quinolinic, Quinolinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Quinolinic (Males Under Age 13), Quinolinic / 5-HIAA Ratio, Sebacic, Sebacic (Males Age 13 and Over), Sebacic (Males Under Age 13), Suberic, Suberic (Males Age 13 and Over), Suberic (Males Under Age 13), Succinic, Succinic (Females Under Age 13), Succinic (Males Age 13 and Over), Succinic (Males Under Age 13), Tartaric, Tartaric (Males Age 13 and Over), Tartaric (Males Under Age 13), Thymine, Thymine (Males Age 13 and Over), Thymine (Males Under Age 13), Tricarballylic, Tricarballylic (Females Under Age 13), Tricarballylic (Males Age 13 and Over), Tricarballylic (Males Under Age 13), Uracil, Uracil (Males Age 13 and Over), Uracil (Males Under Age 13), Vanillylmandelic (VMA), Vanillylmandelic (VMA) (Males Age 13 and Over), Vanillylmandelic (VMA) (Males Under Age 13)
