ANA Screen, IFA (Positive, Negative)

Blood

Other names: ANA SCREEN, IFA, W/REFL TITER AND PATTERN, ANA Screen,IFA

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The ANA Screen, IFA (Antinuclear Antibody Screen by Immunofluorescence Assay) is a first-line test used to detect antinuclear antibodies—autoantibodies that target the nucleus of your cells. These antibodies are commonly associated with autoimmune conditions such as lupus, Sjögren’s syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and certain inflammatory muscle disorders (myopathies).

This test uses indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), the gold-standard method for ANA screening. With IFA, antibodies in your blood are tagged with a fluorescent dye and visualized under a microscope. This makes ANA IFA capable of detecting up to ~150 different autoantibodies, offering high sensitivity for autoimmune activity.

A positive ANA result indicates that your immune system is producing these nuclear-directed antibodies. While this may point toward an autoimmune process, it is not diagnostic on its own. Many healthy individuals—especially women—may have a low-positive ANA, and further testing is usually needed to determine the specific condition involved.

A negative ANA result suggests that ANA-associated autoimmune diseases are unlikely at this time, but it is not completely definitive. If symptoms are strongly suggestive, targeted antibody tests may still be appropriate. For example:

  • If Sjögren’s syndrome is suspected, ordering anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies is recommended.

  • For suspected inflammatory myopathies, testing for anti-Jo-1 or other myositis-specific antibodies should be considered.

Clinicians typically order an ANA IFA when patients report unexplained symptoms such as joint pain, persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, skin rashes, photosensitivity, dry eyes or mouth, or other signs that suggest autoimmune involvement. The results help guide next steps, including additional testing, monitoring, or treatment planning.

Overall, the ANA Screen, IFA is a cornerstone in autoimmune evaluation. It helps identify early immune system changes and directs clinicians toward the right follow-up testing to understand the underlying cause of symptoms.

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