The Anticardiolipin Antibody (Ab), IgG test checks for a specific type of antibody in your blood. Antibodies are usually helpful because they fight off infections. However, anticardiolipin antibodies can cause problems because they mistakenly attack healthy parts of the blood, which can lead to blood clots. This test is especially important for diagnosing a condition called antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS can make you more likely to get blood clots in your veins or arteries, and it can also cause complications with pregnancies, like miscarriages.
The "IgG" part of the test name tells us that it's looking for a particular variety of these antibodies, which is known to be linked with a higher risk of these blood clot issues than other types. By measuring how much of these antibodies are in the blood, doctors can figure out if you're at risk for APS, how severe it might be, and what the best treatment might be.
For people who have these antibodies or who have been diagnosed with APS, treatments usually involve taking medicine to reduce the risk of blood clots. This test is a key piece of the puzzle for doctors to help keep patients with APS safe and manage their condition effectively.
What does it mean if your Anticardiolipin Ab,IgG,Qn result is too high?
Positive and strongly-positive results for IgG and IgM phospholipid (cardiolipin) antibodies (>40 GPL and/or >40 MPL) are diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Lesser levels of IgG and IgM phospholipid (cardiolipin) antibodies and antibodies of the IgA isotype may occur in patients with clinical signs of APS but the results are not considered diagnostic. Phospholipid (cardiolipin) antibodies must be detected on 2 or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart to fulfill the laboratory diagnostic criteria for APS. An IgA phospholipid (cardiolipin) antibody result above 15 APL with negative IgG and IgM phospholipids (cardiolipin) antibody results is not diagnostic for APS.
These infection-induced antibodies are usually transient and are not associated with an increased risk of clinical complications. In general, all patients who test positive for Anticardiolipin antibodies should be retested after six to eight weeks to rule out transient antibodies that are usually of no clinical significance.
- Individuals with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) have an increased risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and/or recurrent miscarriages.
- Slightly or moderately positive results are sometimes temporarily observed in older individuals with no symptoms following an infection or after taking a medication. These results are most often of little clinical significance but must be interpreted along with other clinical information.
- Moderately or very high levels of anticardiolipin antibodies that persist for 12 weeks or more indicate a continued presence of these autoantibodies and an increased risk of abnormal clots and miscarriages.
- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often present in individuals with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
- Anticardiolipin antibodies can often be observed during the convalescent phase of acute bacterial and viral infections and in individuals with syphilis.
- Anticardiolipin antibodies are frequently observed in patients with other autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Individuals with Anticardiolipin antibodies secondary to these other conditions are at increased risk of developing APS. A variety of therapeutic drugs can induce the production of Anticardiolipin antibodies. These drug-induced antibodies may be clinically significant if they persist. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are by definition a major criterion for a diagnosis of APS. They are found in around 30-40% of patients with SLE (=Systemic lupus erythematosus). In both patients with primary and SLE associated APS positive results correlate with a predisposition for arterial or venous thrombosis, foetal loss, or thrombocytopenia. However, levels of anticardiolipin antibodies do not correlate well with disease activity or with specific features of SLE such as arthritis or renal involvement. Nevertheless, the presence of these autoantibodies serves as a marker for the risk of a thromboembolic event. Those SLE patients exhibiting high levels of these autoantibodies are 4 times more likely to have such an event than those not expressing the autoantibodies. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion and with thrombotic events in mothers shortly after birth. They are also found in up to 20% of young stroke patients. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are also found in infections including syphilis, malaria, parasitic diseases and infectious mononucleosis. Indeed, anticardiolipin antibodies can be transiently elevated in many infections. For this reason, positive results should always be confirmed after 8 -12 weeks.
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What does it mean if your Anticardiolipin Ab,IgG,Qn result is too low?
A negative anticardiolipin IgG or IgM result indicates that this type of antibody was not present or was present in too small a quantity in the blood sample being tested.
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