Veillonella are commonly found in the human intestine as well as in the guts of other mammals. The bacteria of this genus are best known for their lactate-fermenting abilities. Lactate is a product of lactic acid, a product of cell metabolism that can accumulate when cells lack sufficient oxygen. Although Veillonella themselves are considered largely non-pathogenic (i.e. they do not cause disease), elevated levels have been observed in patients suffering from infections associated with conditions such as immunodeficiency.
The bacterial genus Veillonella is a group of 14 species. It was named in the 1930s after Adrien Veillon, the French microbiologist who isolated its first species.
Veillonella are anaerobic, gram-negative cocci, part of the normal flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract.
In humans they have been rarely implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species Veillonella parvula.
References:
- Veillonella montpellierensis Endocarditis [L]
- Cross sectional evaluation of the gut-microbiome metabolome axis in an Italian cohort of IBD patients [L]
- Insulin resistance is associated with specific gut microbiota in appendix samples from morbidly obese patients. [L]
Lower levels of Veillonella have been found in people who fall on the severe end of the autistic spectrum.
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Although Veillonella themselves are considered largely non-pathogenic (i.e. they do not cause disease), elevated levels have been observed in patients suffering from infections associated with conditions such as immunodeficiency.
- Imbalances noted in IBS, although findings are mixed: some studies reported higher concentrations in IBS, in IBS-C, IBS-D; others have reported lower counts or lower counts weakly correlating with greater symptom severity.
- Veillonella have been found in atherosclerotic (cardiovascular) plaques, fecal samples, and oral washing from subjects with known cardiac events. These observations suggest an association between Veillonella and cholesterol.
- Shown increased in pre-diabetes.
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Acetate, Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Anaerotruncus colihominis/massiliensis, Ancylostoma/Necator (Hookworm), Ascaris lumbricoides, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides-Prevotella group, Barnesiella spp., Beta-glucuronidase, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium spp., Blastocystis spp., Butyrivibrio crossotus, Calprotectin, Candida albicans/dubliniensis, Capillaria philippinensis, Cholesterol, Citrobacter species, Clostridium spp., Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Desulfovibrio piger, Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobius vermicularis, Enterococcus faecalis, Eosinophil Protein X, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fecal Color, Fecal Consistency, Fecal Fat, Total, Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal secretory IgA, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B Ratio), Fusobacterium spp., Giardia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella species, Lactobacillus spp., Long-Chain Fatty Acids, Methanobrevibacter smithii, n-Butyrate %, n-Butyrate Concentration, Odoribacter spp., Oxalobacter formigenes, Pancreatic Elastase 1, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phospholipids, Prevotella spp., Products of Protein Breakdown (Total), Propionate, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudoflavonifractor spp., Roseburia spp., Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus spp., Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), Total, Triglycerides, Veillonella spp., Zonulin Family Peptide