Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species, playing a large role in the digestion of resistant starches. It has been proposed that the primary role played by R. bromii is to release energy from resistant starch to other members of the microbial community, giving it an important role for maintaining microbial community balance. R. gnavus can efficiently cross-feed on starch degradation products released by R. bromii, even though it is normally a mucin degrading bacteria.
R. bromii ferments resitant starch which is correlated with increased butyrate production downstream. The major fermentation products include acetate, H2, and CO2. The byproducts of the degradation of resistant startch are used by the bacterial species. Therefore, R. bromii supports microbiome diversity through cross-feeding. One study showed that five species, including R. bromii, were significantly more abundant in stool samples from obese individuals versus non-obese individuals. R. bromii is enriched in healthy twins versus those with food allergies. An infant study showed that depletion of R. bromii and Akkermansia muciniphila was associated with reduced butyrate and theh developmenet of atopic dermatitis.
References:
Ze, X., Duncan, S. H., Louis, P. & Flint, H. J. Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. ISME J. 6, 1535–1543 (2012).
Crost, E. H. et al. Mechanistic Insights Into the Cross-Feeding of Ruminococcus gnavus and Ruminococcus bromii on Host and Dietary Carbohydrates. Front. Microbiol. 9, (2018).
Sasaki M, Schwab C, Ramirez Garcia A, Li Q, Ferstl R, Bersuch E, Akdis CA, Lauener R; CK-CARE study group; Frei R, Roduit C. The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii is associated with faecal butyrate levels and atopic dermatitis in infancy. Allergy. 2022 Aug 2;77(12):3629–40. doi: 10.1111/all.15440. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35917214; PMCID: PMC10087690.
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R. bromii decreased on a gluten-free diet in 21 healthy volunteers.
A small study on 11 healthy volunteers showed that an animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii).
Oral versus IV iron supplementation in iron deficient IBD patients resulted in decreased abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus bromii, Dorea spp., and Collinsella aerofaciens.
A study on 409 type 2 diabetes Chinese patients demonstrated the reduction of R. bromii with berberine. It is thought that the hypoglycemic effect of berberine is mediated by the inhibition of secondary bile acid biotransformation by R. bromii.
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R. bromii increased on a resistant starch diet.
In a study on 360 Spanish adults with different levels of adherence to a Mediterranean diet, legume consumption was shown to enhance R. bromii.
In a population study on 156 asymptomatic Mexican adults, Blastocystis colonization was strongly correlated with an increase in R. bromii.
The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii is associated with faecal butyrate levels and atopic dermatitis in infancy.
A study on 409 type 2 diabetes Chinese patients demonstrated the reduction of R. bromii with berberine. It is thought that the hypoglycemic effect of berberine is mediated by the inhibition of secondary bile acid biotransformation by R. bromii.
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Acetate, Akkermansia muciniphila, alpha haemolytic Streptococcus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Anaerotruncus colihominis/massiliensis, Ancylostoma/Necator (Hookworm), Ascaris lumbricoides, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides-Prevotella group, Barnesiella spp., Beta-glucuronidase, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium spp., Blastocystis spp., Butyrivibrio crossotus, Calprotectin, Candida albicans/dubliniensis, Capillaria philippinensis, Cholesterol, Citrobacter species, Clostridium spp., Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Desulfovibrio piger, Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobius vermicularis, Enterococcus faecalis, Eosinophil Protein X, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fecal Color, Fecal Consistency, Fecal Fat, Total, Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal secretory IgA, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B Ratio), Fusobacterium spp., Giardia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella species, Lactobacillus spp., Long-Chain Fatty Acids, Methanobrevibacter smithii, n-Butyrate %, n-Butyrate Concentration, Odoribacter spp., Oxalobacter formigenes, Pancreatic Elastase 1, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phospholipids, Prevotella spp., Products of Protein Breakdown (Total), Propionate, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudoflavonifractor spp., Roseburia spp., Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus spp., Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), Total, Triglycerides, Veillonella spp., Zonulin Family Peptide
