Beta-glucuronidase is an enzyme which is produced by colonocytes and by some intestinal bacteria (particularly E. coli, but also Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Clostridium).
Beta-glucuronidase breaks down complex carbohydrates and increases the bioavailability and reabsorption of plant polyphenols (lignans, flavonoids, ceramides, and glycyrrhetinic acid).
Beta-glucuronidase deconjugates glucuronide molecules from a variety of toxins, carcinogens, hormones (i.e. estrogens) and drugs.
Deconjugation permits reabsorption via enterohepatic circulation, with the potential to elevate systemic levels of potentially harmful compounds and hormones.
Limited research suggests an association between elevated fecal beta-glucuronidase and cancer risk, primarily colorectal and breast cancer.
Evaluating beta-glucuronidase may be of specific interest to clinicians interested in evaluating levels of important substances such as hormones, vitamin D, and phytonutrients.
Causes of elevated beta-glucuronidase:
- Dysbiosis
- Western diet, high in red meat and protein
Therapeutic considerations for elevated betaglucuronidase:
- Probiotics
- Dietary fiber, prebiotics
- Calcium-D-glucarate
- Calcium-D-glucarate is the calcium salt of D-glucaric acid. It is found in fruits and vegetables (oranges, apples, grapefruit, and cruciferous vegetables).
Oral supplementation inhibits the enzymatic activity of beta-glucuronidase.
- Milk thistle
- Low-calorie and vegetarian diets
References:
- Mroczynska M, Galecka M, Szachta P, Kamoda D, Libudzisz Z, Roszak D. Beta-glucuronidase and Beta-glucosidase activity in stool specimens of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Polish J Microbiol. 2013;62(3):319-325. [L]
- Flores R, Shi J, Gail MH, Gajer P, Ravel J, Goedert JJ. Association of fecal microbial diversity and taxonomy with selected enzymatic functions. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39745. [L]
- Kim DH, Jin YH. Intestinal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity of patients with colon cancer. Arch Pharmacal Res. 2001;24(6):564-567. [L]
- Flores R, Shi J, Gail MH, Gajer P, Ravel J, Goedert JJ. Association of fecal microbial diversity and taxonomy with selected enzymatic functions. PloS one. 2012;7(6):e39745-e39745. [L]
- Thompson KJ, Ingle JN, Tang X, et al. A comprehensive analysis of breast cancer microbiota and host gene expression. PloS one. 2017;12(11):e0188873-e0188873. [L]
- Sivieri K, Bedani R, Cavallini DCU, Rossi EA. Probiotics and intestinal microbiota: implications in colon cancer prevention. In: Lactic Acid Bacteria-R & D for Food, Health and Livestock Purposes. IntechOpen; 2013. [L]
- Goldin BR, Swenson L, Dwyer J, Sexton M, Gorbach SL. Effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on human fecal bacterial enzymes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980;64(2):255- 261. [L]
- De Preter V, Raemen H, Cloetens L, Houben E, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K. Effect of dietary intervention with different preand probiotics on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(2):225-231. [L]
- Valerio F, Russo F, de Candia S, et al. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei-enriched artichokes on constipated patients: a pilot study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44 Suppl 1:S49-53. [L]
- Liu Z, Lin X, Huang G, Zhang W, Rao P, Ni L. Prebiotic effects of almonds and almond skins on intestinal microbiota in healthy adult humans. Anaerobe. 2014;26:1-6. [L]
- Molan AL, Liu Z, Plimmer G. Evaluation of the effect of blackcurrant products on gut microbiota and on markers of risk for colon cancer in humans. Phytother Res. 2014;28(3):416-422. [L]
- Calcium-D-glucarate. Altern Med Rev. 2002;7(4):336-339. [L]
- Kren V, Walterova D. Silybin and silymarin–new effects and applications. Biomed papers. 2005;149(1):29-41. [L]
- Kim DH, Jin YH, Park JB, Kobashi K. Silymarin and its components are inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase. Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17(3):443-445. [L]
- Azcarate-Peril MA, Sikes M, Bruno-Barcena JM. The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(3):G401-424. [L]
- Koning CJ, Jonkers DM, Stobberingh EE, Mulder L, Rombouts FM, Stockbrugger RW. The effect of a multispecies probiotic on the intestinal microbiota and bowel movements in healthy volunteers taking the antibiotic amoxycillin. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(1):178-189. [L]
- Zhanel GG, Siemens S, Slayter K, Mandell L. Antibiotic and oral contraceptive drug interactions: Is there a need for concern? Can J Infect Dis. 1999;10(6):429-433. [L]
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High levels of beta glucuronidase inhibits this glucuronidation process to detoxify the body from both natural hormones (ex: estrogens) and various environmental toxins.
High levels of beta-glucuronidase in the stool can be caused by a number of factors which are primarily due to the following diet and lifestyle habits:
– High fat diet
– Processed food consumption
– Sugar consumption
– Alcohol consumption
– Smoking
Taking antibiotics can also increase beta-glucuronidase as antibiotics destroy gut bacteria.
The following cancers have been identified with high beta-glucuronidase levels:
– Colon cancer
– Prostate cancer
– Breast cancer
How to lower Beta-glucuronidase levels?
In order to maintain good health and to lower the risk of the above referenced cancers, it is important to keep beta-glucuronidase activity low but sufficient enough to assist in the nutrient absorption process. Adhering to a low fat, whole food plant-based diet could be an important step to decrease Beta-glucuronidase
There are also some specific natural substances that may lower Beta-glucuronidase:
– Apple Pectin
– Calcium, iron, magnesium
– Calcium-D-Glucarate
– Milk thistle (Silymarin)
– Cumin / black pepper
– Fenugreek Seeds
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Causes of low beta-glucuronidase:
- Dysbiosis
- Antibiotic use
Therapeutic considerations for low betaglucuronidase:
Abnormally low levels may diminish the bioavailability of many phytonutrients. There is no literature indicating the need to treat low fecal β-glucuronidase. However, because it is produced in the intestinal endothelium and by commensal bacteria, maintaining a healthy commensal balance may be helpful to optimize levels.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
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What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
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Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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Acetate, Actinobacteria Phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila, alpha haemolytic Streptococcus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Anaerotruncus colihominis/massiliensis, Ancylostoma/Necator (Hookworm), Ascaris lumbricoides, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides-Prevotella group, Bacteroidetes Phylum, Barnesiella spp., Beta-glucuronidase, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium spp., Blastocystis spp., Blastocystis spp. (Microscopic O&P), Butyrivibrio crossotus, Calprotectin, Campylobacter spp., Candida albicans/dubliniensis, Capillaria philippinensis, Cholesterol, Citrobacter species, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium spp., Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Desulfovibrio piger, Dientamoeba fragilis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dipylidium caninum, DYSBIOSIS, Dysbiosis Patterns, Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobius vermicularis, Enterococcus faecalis, Eosinophil Protein X, Escherichia coli, Euryarchaeota Phylum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fecal Color, Fecal Consistency, Fecal Fat, Total, Fecal Lactoferrin, Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal Occult Blood (Negative, Positive), Fecal secretory IgA, Firmicutes Phylum, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B Ratio), Fusobacteria Phylum, Fusobacterium spp., Giardia, HpSA - H. pylori, INFECTION, INFLAMMATION, Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis (IAD), Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella species, Lactobacillus spp., Long-Chain Fatty Acids, MALDIGESTION, METABOLIC IMBALANCE, Methane Dysbiosis Score, Methanobrevibacter smithii, n-Butyrate %, n-Butyrate Concentration, Odoribacter spp., Oxalobacter formigenes, Pancreatic Elastase 1, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phospholipids, Prevotella spp., Products of Protein Breakdown (Total), Propionate, Proteobacteria Phylum, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudoflavonifractor spp., Roseburia spp., Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus spp., Shiga toxin E. coli, Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), Total, Strongyloides stercoralis, Total Commensal Abundance, Trichuris trichiura, Triglycerides, Veillonella spp., Verrucomicrobia Phylum, Yersinia enterocolitica, Zonulin Family Peptide
