Endocrinology

Progesterone (Serum)

Optimal Result: 0.3 - 50.6 nmol/L, or 0.09 - 15.91 ng/mL.

Progesterone is the reproductive hormone that prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. If the egg is not fertilized, the menstrual cycle will start and progesterone levels will fall. Progesterone levels rise after ovulation for about five days. Then they start falling. 

During pregnancy, it’s the placenta that produces high levels of progesterone. Thus, levels are higher if you are carrying twins or triplets.

Progesterone is a hormone that thus balances estrogen. An imbalance between the two hormones can cause health issues, some that are quite serious. For example, in women, an imbalance in estrogen and progesterone can cause infertility, fibroids, ovarian cysts, brittle bones, or even adrenal gland cancer. 

Healthy progesterone levels help balance blood sugar levels. They stimulate growth of the bones and good bone density. They also allow you to sleep well at night and reduce anxiety during the day.

Normal Ranges for Progesterone in ng/mL or nmol/L:

Progesterone

Phase

Reference Range

FOLLICULAR

0.057 - 0.893 ng/mL

OVULATION

0.121 - 12.0 ng/mL

LUTEAL

1.83 - 23.9 ng/mL

Postmenopause

0 - 0.126 ng/mL

Pregnant women (trimester)

1st

11.0 - 44.3 ng/mL

2nd

25.4 - 83.3 ng/mL

3rd

58.7 - 214 ng/mL

Normal Progesterone levels vary depending on the time of the menstrual cycle, the trimester of the pregnancy, and whether or not one is menstruating or is male. 

Progesterone Levels for Young Girls (Pre-Puberty): 0.1-0.3 ng/mLProgesterone Levels for Menstruating Females:

  Day 1-14 during the menstrual cycle: <1 ng/mL or 0.5-2.3 nmol/L

  Day 15-29 during the cycle: 2-25 ng/mL or 6.4-79.5 nmol/L

During Pregnancy:

   1st trimester:  10-44 ng/mL or 32.6-140 nmol/L

   2nd trimester:  19.5-82.5 ng/mL or 62-262 nmol/L

   3rd trimester:  65-290 ng/mL or 206.7-728 nmol/L

 Menopause: <1ng/mL or <2 nmol/L

 Men:  <1 ng/mL or <3.2 nmol/L

Critical Range: Anything outside of the normal range

Sources: 

http://www.lifeextension.com/Vitamins-Supplements/itemLC004317/Progesterone-Blood-Test

https://www.webmd.com/women/progesterone-15286#1

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=progesterone

What does it mean if your Progesterone (Serum) result is too low?

- Low progesterone levels may be caused by ovulation problems, not enough female hormones (hypogonadism), or miscarriage. 

- Low progesterone levels might be normal for postmenopausal women.

- Men, children, and postmenopausal women all have lower progesterone levels than women in their childbearing years. What is considered a “normal” progesterone level depends on a person’s age and gender. In women, other factors include whether you’re pregnant and where you are in your menstrual cycle. Progesterone levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. They peak about seven days before your period. And levels can vary during a single day.

--------------------

These are the progesterone reference ranges from LabCorp in ng/mL:

Follicular phase 0.1 - 0.9

Luteal phase 1.8 - 23.9

Ovulation phase 0.1 - 12.0

Pregnant

- First trimester 11.0 - 44.3

- Second trimester 25.4 - 83.3

- Third trimester 58.7 - 214.0

Postmenopausal 0.0 - 0.1

What does it mean if your Progesterone (Serum) result is too high?

High progesterone levels may be caused by any of the following:

- Pregnancy, especially with twins or triplets

- Ovarian cancer

- A molar pregnancy

- Adrenal gland overproduction of hormones or cancer

- The use of birth control pills that contain progesterone

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