What is Estrogen?
Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4).
Although estrogen is identified with females, it is also found in men.
In women, estrogen helps initiate sexual development, regulates menstrual cycles, and affects the entire reproductive system.
Estrogen in men:
In men, estrogen also plays an important role in sexual function. As teenagers, men have high levels of testosterone and low levels of estrogen. As they age, testosterone levels in men decrease while their estrogen levels increase.
Estradiol (E2) in men is essential for modulating libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis. Estrogen receptors and aromatase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen, are abundant in the brain, penis, and testis, organs important for sexual function. In the brain, estradiol (E2) synthesis is increased in areas related to sexual arousal. Also, in the penis, estrogen receptors are found. Low testosterone and elevated estrogen increase the incidence of erectile dysfunction independently of one another.
Normal estrogen levels in men:
The following estrone and estradiol levels are considered normal for men:
| Estrone | Estradiol | |
| Prepubescent male | Undetectable–16 pg/ml | Undetectable–13 pg/ml |
| Pubescent male | Undetectable–60 pg/ml | Undetectable–40 pg/ml |
| Adult male | 10–60 pg/ml | 10–40 pg/ml |
Resources:
- The role of estradiol in male reproductive function [L]
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A healthy balance of estrogen and testosterone is important for sexual growth and development. When these hormones become imbalanced, sexual development and function may be affected.
Causes of Increased Levels of Estrogens in Men:
- Testosterone, DHEA, or pregnenolone supplementation
- Excessive aromatase activity (may be seen with obesity)
- Testicular, adrenal, or hepatic tumors
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Adult-onset adrenal hyperplasia, Adrenal neoplasm
- Consider insulin resistance, as this is sometimes associated with overly active aromatization (testosterone -> E2) in men
Symptoms include:
- Infertility. Estrogen is partly responsible for creating healthy sperm. When estrogen levels are high, sperm levels may fall and lead to fertility issues.
- Gynecomastia. Estrogen may stimulate breast tissue growth. Men with too much estrogen may develop gynecomastia, a condition that leads to larger breasts.
- Erectile dysfunction (ED). Men with high levels of estrogen may have difficulty getting or maintaining an erection.
Possible treatment options:
Please talk to your doctor about possible treatment options.
Changes to your diet can also help keep your estrogen levels low:
A diet low in fat and high in fiber is commonly recommended for estrogen level control. Some foods that might be involved in this kind of diet include:
- cruciferous vegetables (including broccoli and kale) contain phytochemicals that block estrogen production
- shiitake and portobello mushrooms naturally reduce aromatase
- red grapes contain natural estrogen blockers resveratrol and proanthocyanidin
- sesame seeds and flaxseed, as well as whole grains like oats, corn, and rice, contain a micronutrient called polyphenol
- green tea is another good source of polyphenol
- pomegranates are high in estrogen-blocking phytochemicals
Some meat products contain estrogen as a result of treatment with synthetic hormones and should be avoided. Some other products to avoid that can increase your estrogen levels include:
- wraps or containers made of plastic that can be absorbed by your food
- hygiene products that have parabens containing estrogens, such as shampoos
Staying in shape can also keep your estrogen levels low:
- get a physical to check your overall health
- make a plan and start slow
- work out for about 15 to 30 minutes per day, and increase the time as you feel comfortable
- switch it up: do cardio one day, strength the next, and so on
- join a gym and get into the habit of going regularly
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Symptoms of low estrogen in men:
Low estrogen levels in men aren’t a big cause for concern.
But some of the same symptoms of high estrogen can happen if you don’t have enough estrogen. This is because estrogen imbalances can result from hypogonadism, a condition that results in a lack of hormone production in your body.
Hypogonadism can lower estrogen levels, testosterone, and other hormones, leading to many of the same symptoms of high estrogen levels.
Causes of low estrogen in men:
Low estrogen due to hypogonadism can have several possible causes, including:
- autoimmune conditions like Addison’s disease or hypoparathyroidism
- genetic disorders like Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome
- infections of the sexual organs, such as mumps
- kidney or liver conditions
- testicles that don’t descend
- an overabundance of iron in your blood (hemochromatosis)
- exposure to radiation
- having surgery on your penis or testicles
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- conditions that affect the pituitary gland
- sarcoidosis
- tuberculosis
- histiocytosis
- having obesity
- rapid weight loss
- not getting enough basic nutrients and vitamins
- brain surgery
- tumor growing on or close to your pituitary gland
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
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Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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17-Hydroxypregnenolone, MS (female), 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (female), 17-OH Progesterone, 5 Alhpa-Dihydrotestosterone (male), ACTH, Plasma, ADH, Aldos/Renin Ratio, Aldosterone, Aldosterone/Plasma Renin Activity Ratio, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), C-Telopeptide, Serum, Calcitonin, Serum, Cortisol - ACTH (Cortrosyn) Stimulation Test, Cortisol - AM (Serum), Cortisol, Serum, Cortisol-Binding Globulin (CBG), DHEA, Unconjugated, DHEA-S : Cortisol Ratio, DHEAS (Serum), DHT, Free, DHT, Percent Free Dialysis, Estradiol, Estradiol (male), Estradiol, Ultrasensitive, LC/MS, Estriol, Serum, Estrogens, Total (female), Estrogens, Total (male), Estrone Sulfate, Estrone, Serum (Female), Estrone, Serum (Male), Free Cortisol, Serum, Free Estradiol, Percent, Free Estradiol, Serum, Glucagon, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Growth Hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Total, IA-2 Autoantibodies, IGF Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP 1), IGF Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP 3), IGF-BP3, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone, Human (hLH), Pregnenolone (male), Progesterone (male), Progesterone (Serum), Prolactin, Renin Activity, Plasma, Total Testosterone (Female/ng/mL)
