Produced by action of Candida hyaluronidase on the intercellular cement hyaluronic acid. Oxidation of the hyaluronic acid breakdown products produces tartaric acid and arabinose. Since grapes, grape juice, and dried grapes (raisins) contain tartaric acid, these foods must be avoided 24 hours prior to urine collection to avoid interference. Antifungal treatment and high-potency multi-strain probiotics may help rebalance GI flora.
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Tartaric Acid is measured to be above the normal range.
Widely distributed in fruits, tartaric acid is particularly high in grapes, raisins, and in wine. It may also be found in some soft drinks and baked goods (as "cream of tartar"). Therefore, the elevation of tartaric acid may be due to recent ingestion of higher than usual amounts of some of these foods. In chemical structure, tartaric acid is very similar to malic acid; thus, elevated blood or tissue levels may interfere with malic acid's role in the "malate shuttle", which carries reducing equivalents (protons) into the mitochondria. Aside from dietary sources, elevated urine tartrate can be the result of (intestinal) yeast overgrowth. A stool analysis with microbiology is suggested if dietary sources are ruled out.
Possible causes:
- Ingestion of tartaric acid-containing foods
- Joint inflammation leading to release of hyaluronic acid
- High tartaric acid can be due to yeast or fungal issues
- May result from a lack of B12.
Treatment considerations:
- Rule out tartaric acid-containing foods (fruits, especially grapes, raisins or wine; also as “cream of tartar” in some soft drinks & baked goods)
- Address any joint inflammation
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2-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid, 3-Methyl-4-OH-phenylglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 5-OH-indoleacetic Acid, a-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (from MTBE), a-Keto-b-Methylvaleric Acid, a-Ketoadipic Acid, a-Ketoglutaric Acid (AKG), a-Ketoisocaproic Acid, a-Ketoisovaleric Acid, a-Ketophenylacetic Acid (from Styrene), Adipic Acid, Arabinose, B-OH-B-Methylglutaric Acid (HMG), Benzoic Acid, Beta-OH-Butyric Acid (BHBA), Cis-Aconitic Acid, Citramalic Acid, Citric Acid, Dihydroxyphenylpropionic Acid (DHPPA), Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu), Glutaric Acid, Hippuric Acid, Homogentisic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, Indoleacetic Acid (IAA), Isocitric Acid, Isovalerylglycine, Kynurenic / Quinolinic Ratio, Kynurenic Acid, Lactic Acid, Malic Acid, Methylmalonic Acid, Orotic Acid, Phenylacetic Acid (PAA), Pyroglutamic Acid, Pyruvic Acid, Quinolinic Acid, Suberic Acid, Succinic Acid, Tartaric Acid, Vanilmandelic Acid, Xanthurenic Acid
