Urinary phenylacetic acid (PAA) is the product of unidentified, specific strains of bacteria, marking a state of bacterial overgrowth when it is elevated in urine. Intestinal bacterial action on dietary polyphenols causes the appearance of PAA in urine.
For individuals with normal, healthy intestinal function, phenylacetate should not appear in more than background concentrations in urine. However, phenylacetate is a trace product of endogenous phenylalanine catabolism that can accumulate in the phenylalaninemic state found in phenylketonuria (PKU).
Resources:
- http://www.altmedrev.com/archive/publications/13/4/292.pdf
- http://www.thespinalcentre.com.au/wp-content/uploads/1216.Urinary%20Organic%20Acids.pdf
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POSSIBLE CAUSES:
- Malabsorption of phenylalanine:
- Hypochlorhydria and/or Clostridia overgrowth
Additional Investigations:
- Investigate possible causes of malabsorption
- Intestinal Permeability
- IgG Food Sensitivity
- Complete Digestive Stool Analysis
Treatment considerations:
- Mucosal support
- Elimination diet
- Betaine HCl
- Digestive enzymes
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2-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid, 3-Methyl-4-OH-phenylglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 5-OH-indoleacetic Acid, a-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (from MTBE), a-Keto-b-Methylvaleric Acid, a-Ketoadipic Acid, a-Ketoglutaric Acid (AKG), a-Ketoisocaproic Acid, a-Ketoisovaleric Acid, a-Ketophenylacetic Acid (from Styrene), Adipic Acid, Arabinose, B-OH-B-Methylglutaric Acid (HMG), Benzoic Acid, Beta-OH-Butyric Acid (BHBA), Cis-Aconitic Acid, Citramalic Acid, Citric Acid, Dihydroxyphenylpropionic Acid (DHPPA), Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu), Glutaric Acid, Hippuric Acid, Homogentisic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, Indoleacetic Acid (IAA), Isocitric Acid, Isovalerylglycine, Kynurenic / Quinolinic Ratio, Kynurenic Acid, Lactic Acid, Malic Acid, Methylmalonic Acid, Orotic Acid, Phenylacetic Acid (PAA), Pyroglutamic Acid, Pyruvic Acid, Quinolinic Acid, Suberic Acid, Succinic Acid, Tartaric Acid, Vanilmandelic Acid, Xanthurenic Acid
