Fecal zonulin measurement may be advantageous, compared to serum zonulin when assessing intestinal permeability, as serum zonulin may constitute secretion not only from intestinal cells, but also from extraintestinal tissues such as the liver, heart and brain. Stool may therefore present a more appropriate specimen for analyzing only intestinal production of zonulin.
Elevated fecal levels of zonulin have been associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cigarette smokers. High fecal zonulin levels in smokers irrespective of IBD point to the significant and undesirable up-regulation of gut permeability in cigarette smokers.
-----------
Zonulin is a protein that reversibly regulates paracellular intestinal permeability; it is made in intestinal enterocytes and liver cells. High levels of zonulin are associated with increased intestinal permeability because it induces breakdown of the tight intercellular junctions between epithelial cells. Several autoimmune, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases have been associated with elevated levels of zonulin, or evidence of increased intestinal permeability. Chronically elevated serum zonulin levels have been associated with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, Metabolic syndrome, obesity, type I diabetes, juvenile nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Crohn’s disease, Lichen planus and possibly, food sensitivities, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Recently elevated fecal zonulin levels have been reported for adult patients with Metabolic syndrome, Crohn’s disease and apparently healthy cigarette smokers. Elevated serum levels of zonulin have been correlated with results from the established lactulose mannitol test, but to date no such correlation has been reported with fecal zonulin. Cellular receptors for zonulin are present in the small and large intestines, the heart and the brain. Zonulin release from the intestinal mucosa may be triggered by gliadin fragments, direct adherence of any bacteria to the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, excessive bacteria-derived LPS, bacterial enterotoxins / proteases, corticosteroids, and other dietary protein fragments. Excessive intake of simple sugars, sodium, emulsifiers, microbial transglutaminase (food additive) and nano-particles may also be triggers for excessive zonulin release. The key is to first eliminate exposure to the trigger(s) of excessive zonulin release into the lumen. Possible interventions to restore the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier include dietary changes, treatment of dysbiosis, digestive supports and anti-inflammatory supplements; specifically quercetin, vitamin C, curcumin, gamma-linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA), and aloe vera. Other nutrients such as zinc, beta-carotene, pantothenic acid, and Lglutamine may provide some support for rejuvenation of the mucosal barrier. The use of some probiotics has been shown to reduce serum and fecal zonulin levels, and inulin (about 10 grams per day) lowered serum zonulin after just 5 days in healthy young subjects. Consider a Comprehensive Stool Analysis to further investigate potential causes of increased intestinal permeability. Zonulin expression and release in the small intestine occurs when the chemokine receptor CXCR3 is stimulated by gliadin or other chemokines and induces pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. The released zonulin activates the cell-signaling pathway via epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which disassembles the tight intercellular junctions. The loss of the tight junctions increases intestinal permeability and allows polypeptides and other macromolecules to pass between epithelial cells into the lamina propria layer of the gut wall. The resultant influx of macromolecules and polypeptides induce an antigen response and promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the enteric immune system. Zonulin is a pre-haptoglobulin; levels are modulated by the presence or absence of the gene haptoglobin (HP). HP-1-1 genotypes have zero (null) copies of the HP gene. HP-2-2 genotypes have two copies of the gene, and HP-1-2 genotypes have one copy of the gene. HP 1-1 (null) genotypes may have zonulin levels in the normal range, even if the presence of inflammatory or autoimmune disease is confirmed by other biomarkers. Zonulin levels may increase in nephrotic syndrome (Hp2-1 or 2-2 phenotypes).
References:
- Fecal zonulin is elevated in Crohn’s disease and in cigarette smokers [L]
- Szymanska, E.; Wierzbicka, A.; Dadalski, M.; Kierkus, J. Fecal Zonulin as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Intestinal Permeability in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Correlation with Disease Activity and Fecal Calprotectin. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 3905. [L]
Keeping track of your medical data and laboratory results while understanding what they mean empowers positive health outcomes.
Keeping track of your medical data and lab results while understanding what they mean empowers positive health outcomes.
Save 10% off any plan with promo-code:
HEALTH10
Elevation indicative of intestinal permeability.
Addressing gut dysbiosis and low diversity if any.
Checking for food sensitivities at peptide and protein level recommended.
------------
Elevated fecal levels of zonulin have been associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, Crohn’s disease and in cigarette smokers. [L] High fecal zonulin levels in smokers irrespective of IBD point to the significant and undesirable up-regulation of gut permeability in cigarette smokers.
Sign up
Sign up now and create your account. Use code HEALTH10 for a 10% discount on any plan. Don't miss out!
Organize
Bring all results from any laboratories to your account. You can enter your tests yourself, or we'll be happy to organize your files—whether in PDF, JPEG, CSV, or even screenshots.
Learn and improve
Once your information is stored in your account, dive into a wealth of insights about your results. If you have any more questions, we are here to answer them.
Guiding our user for 10 years to promptly understand, track, and act on their laboratory results.
$15/month
for personal lab results
Cancel your subscription at any time.
$250/once
full premium version
$45/month
track your clients’ labs
Cancel your subscription at any time.
Guiding our user for 10 years to promptly understand, track, and act on their laboratory results.
Personal plans
track personal results
Professional Plan
track multiple client's results
$15/month
for personal lab results
$250/once
own it for life
$45/month
for health professionals
Complete Plan
Unlimited Plan
$15 per month
$250 full version
Are you a health professional?
Level up your lab report analysis with our Pro plan, built for health practitioners like you.
Health Business Account
$45/month
Cancel your subscription at any time.
Unlock additional Pro plans when you sign up.
Unlock Your Health Journey with Healthmatters.io! Ever wished for a one-stop digital health haven for all your lab tests? Look no further! Healthmatters.io is your personalized health dashboard, bringing together test reports from any lab. Say goodbye to scattered results—organize and centralize your lab data effortlessly. Dive into the details of each biomarker and gain insights into the meaning behind your medical test data.
Join the community of thousands who've transformed the way they understand their lab results. Experience the joy of having all your lab data neatly organized, regardless of where or when the tests were done.
For our professional users, Healthmatters.io is a game-changer. Revel in the intuitive tools that not only streamline analysis but also save valuable time when delving into your client's lab report history. It's not just a dashboard; it's your gateway to a smarter, more informed health journey!
Healthmatters.io personal account provides in-depth research on 4000+ biomarkers, including information and suggestions for test panels such as, but not limited to:
You can combine all test reports inside your Healthmatters account and keep them in one place. It gives you an excellent overview of all your health data. Once you retest, you can add new results and compare them.
If you are still determining whether Healthmatters support your lab results, the rule is that if you can test it, you can upload it to Healthmatters.
While we do talk about popular labs, we welcome reports from lots of other places too. It's as simple as this: if you can get a test done, you can upload it to Healthmatters. We can interpret results from any lab out there. If laboratories can analyze it, we can interpret it.
Still on the hunt for a specific biomarker? Just tell us, and we'll add it to our database. Anything from blood, urine, saliva, or stool can be uploaded, understood, and tracked with your Healthmatters account!
There are two ways to add your test reports to your healthmatters.io account. One option is to input the data using the data entry forms. The other method is to utilize our "Data entry service."
Our data entry forms offer an easy, fast, and free way for you to input the reports yourself. Self-entry allows you to add an unlimited number of reports at no cost. We make the self-entry process user-friendly, providing dozens of templates that pre-populate the most popular laboratory panels and offering instant feedback on entered values.
For those who prefer assistance, we offer a "Data entry service" to help you input your data. Simply attach an image or file of your lab test results, and a qualified team member from our data entry team will add the results for you. We support various file types, including PDFs, JPGs, or Excel. This service is particularly useful if you have many reports to upload or if you're too busy to handle the data entry yourself.
Our special data entry service makes it easy to add your results to your private dashboard. Just attach an image or a file of your lab test results, and our skilled data entry team will do the work for you. It's all done by humans, ensuring that your data is entered accurately and with personal care for each client.
Depending on your account, the data entry service can be included for free or come at an additional cost of $15 per report.
For users on the Complete monthly plan, the first report is entered free of charge, and each additional report incurs a fee of $15.
Unlimited account holders enjoy the entry of ten reports without charge. Subsequent reports are subject to a $15 fee per report.
Additionally, users on the Complete plan can upgrade to a yearly subscription from the account settings. The annual subscription includes a data entry service for five reports.
The Unlimited plan is a one-time purchase for $250, and it covers your account for a lifetime with no additional payments.
For the Complete plan, the cost is $15 per month. You have the flexibility to cancel it anytime through your account settings, ensuring no further payments. To avoid charges, remember to cancel at least a day before the renewal date. Once canceled, the subscription remains active until the end of the current billing cycle.
Additionally, you can upgrade to the yearly Advanced plan from within your account. The annual cost is $79, and it comes with a data entry service for five reports.
You can always upgrade to a lifetime version with a prorated price from a monthly or yearly subscription.
Simply log in and navigate to your account settings to cancel your subscription. Scroll down to locate the 'Cancel' button at the bottom of the page. Ensure you cancel at least one day before the renewal date to prevent any charges. Once cancellation is requested, the subscription remains active until the conclusion of the current billing cycle.
Unlocking the insights from your lab tests has never been this intuitive! We've crafted multiple ways for you to navigate your data, whether you're glancing at a single report or delving into a treasure trove of testing data.
1. Graph View:Dive into a visual journey with our biomarker graphs, showcasing over 40 data points. Combining years of results unveils trends, empowering you to make informed decisions. Our visualization tools make it a breeze to compare and understand changes over time, even if your results are from different labs. A search function and filters simplify the exploration of extensive data, allowing you to focus on what needs attention.
2. All Tests ViewGet a quick grasp of your test reports in minutes! Explore neatly organized reports on a timeline, highlighting crucial details like dates, critical results, and lab/panel names. Each report opens up to reveal in-depth descriptions and additional recommendations for each biomarker. The history of previous results is just a click away, and you can download a comprehensive report for deeper insights. Color-coded and user-friendly, it's designed for easy reading, understanding, and navigation.
3. Table View:For a holistic view of all biomarkers side by side, our table view is your go-to. Results are neatly displayed in a categorized and dated table, ideal for those with an extensive test history. Utilize sorting, filters, and color-coding to enhance your analysis and gain extra insights.
Experience the power of clear, organized data visualization with Healthmatters.io — your key to understanding and taking charge of your health journey!
Yes, you can download information from your account. We can compile your labs into a CSV file. To download all your labs, you can go to Account Settings, and at the bottom of the page, you will find a link to download your information.
Yes, you can print your report. To do so, navigate to "All tests" and open the report you wish to print. You'll find a print button in the right corner of the report. Click on it, and your browser's print window will open. If you prefer to print in a bigger typeface, adjust the scale using the print window settings.
A personal account is all about keeping your own lab test results in check. It's just for you and your personal use.
The professional or business account is designed for health professionals who wish to track and organize their clients' laboratory results.
To learn more about Healthmatters Pro, please refer to the professional page.
At HealthMatters, we're committed to maintaining the security and confidentiality of your personal information. We've put industry-leading security standards in place to help protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of the information under our control. We use procedural, physical, and electronic security methods designed to prevent unauthorized people from getting access to this information. Our internal code of conduct adds additional privacy protection. All data is backed up multiple times a day and encrypted using SSL certificates. See our Privacy Policy for more details.
Acetate, Acinetobacter, Akkermansia muciniphila, b-glucuronidase producing bacteria, Bacteroides, Bacteroides vulgatus, Beta defensin 2, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Butyrate, Butyricimonas, Butyrivibrio, Calprotectin, Catenibacterium, Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), Cholic acid (CA), Christensenella minuta, Clostridia clusters XIVa, Clostridiales Family XIV Incertae Sedis, Clostridium, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbiosum, Clotridiales Incertae Sedis IV, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Deoxycholic acid (DCA), Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrio piger, Eggerthella lenta, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus species, Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) Lt/St, Escherichia coli, Eubacterium, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fecal Anti Gliadin, Fecal Eosinophil Protein X, Fecal lactoferrin, Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal pH, Fecal Zonulin, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus animalis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus ruminis, LCA/DCA ratio, Leuconostoc, Lithocholic acid (LCA), Long chain fatty acids, Lysozyme, Meat Fiber, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Micrococcus, MMP 9, Pancreatic elastase 1, Peptostreptococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, Prevotella, Prevotella copri, Propionate, Propionibacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Proteus mirabilis, Roseburia, Ruminococcus obeum, S100A12, Sapovirus I, Sapovirus V, sIgA, Solobacterium moorei, Staphylococcaceae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, Streptococcus thermophilus, Total Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol subfraction, Total Fecal Fat, Total Fecal Triglycerides, Total Phospholipid subfraction, Total Phospholipids, Total Short chain fatty acids, Tyzzerella, Tyzzerella 4, Valerate, Vegetable fiber, ß-glucuronidase
