Actinobacteria is one of the largest bacterial phyla, comprised of Gram-positive bacteria. This phylum includes a wide range of species, with different morphological and physiological characteristics. Significant groups in the human colon include Actinomycetales and Bifidobacteriales. Actinomycetales were inversely associated with clinically significant depression in IBS patients, suggesting these bacteria may be depleted in depressed IBS patients. A strict vegetarian diet may increase the total count of Actinomyces spp. compared to following a Western diet.
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