Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls. Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.
Streptococcus salivarius ssp.
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