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Search and Understand 4000+ Biomarkers
Optimal range: 95.5 - 1000 ng/mL
Folate is the naturally occurring form found in foods; folic acid is the supplement/synthetic form. Folate is more bioavailable.
Once in circulation, folate gets methylated.
Methyl-tetrahydrofolate is the most abundant folate in circulation and it functions with vitamin B12 in methylation reactions to reduce
homocysteine, but is also involved in DNA synthesis, and red blood cell synthesis.
Optimal range: 0 - 1000 ng/mL
Folate is a water-soluble vitamin essential for cell growth and division. RBC folate determination is obtained by measuring the folate concentration in a whole blood (WB) hemolysate solution and dividing it by the patient’s hematocrit (Hct; %).
This is an intermediary biomarker that is used to calculate Folate, RBC. There is no reference range provided by the laboratory, hence please refer to the actual "Folate, RBC" marker instead.
Optimal range: 499 - 1504 ng/mL
Folates are compounds of pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) that function as coenzymes in metabolic reactions involving the transfer of single-carbon units from a donor to a recipient compound. Folate, with vitamin B12, is essential for DNA synthesis, which is required for normal red blood cell maturation. Humans obtain folate from dietary sources including fruits, green and leafy vegetables, yeast, and organ meats. Folate is absorbed through the small intestine and stored in the liver.
Optimal range: 9 - 35.5 nmol/L
Folinic Acid (5-formyl THF), is an active and reduced form of folate. In the body, folinic acid may be converted into any of the other active forms of folate. Supplying the body with folinic acid bypasses many of the required metabolic steps, and it is rapidly converted to 5MTHF.
Optimal range: 1.5 - 12.4 IU/L
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary hormone that regulates growth, sexual development and reproduction, including menstruation, follicular development and ovulation.
Optimal range: 0.5 - 1.1 ELISA Index
Artificial food colorings are used extensively in foods, and humans are regularly exposed to them by ingestion. These chemical colorants form adducts (bonds or “bridges”) with proteins in humans; therefore, measuring the antibodies to these colorants will indicate whether or not they are responsible for a person's immune or autoimmune reaction. A person may not react to a particular food; however, they may react to the food once its protein is bound with an artificial colorant. It is important to note that we are talking about food proteins binding to artificial food colorants, and vice-versa. The binding of artificial colorants to a food protein may increase the food’s antigenicity and ability to cause an enhanced immune reaction in patients.
Optimal range: 0.6 - 2.4 ELISA Index
Formaldehyde is an organic compound. Formaldehyde-based materials are common to the manufacture of automobiles. Formaldehyde-containing resins – melamine formaldehyde, ureaformaldehyde, phenolformaldehyde, carbamide formaldehyde – are used as a binder in plywood and particleboard production, home furnishings, household cleaners, paints, textiles, landscape and yard products, medicinal and personal care products, pesticides, fire retardation, increased water repellency, stiffness, carpeting made with synthetic fibers, and wrinkle-resistance in fabric finishing; paper products treated with formaldehyde include paper bags, waxed paper, paper towels, and disposable sanitary products; in the health care industry, formaldehyde is used in disinfectants, preservatives, and embalming fluid. Thus, formaldehyde exposure occurs in multiple home and work environments. Formaldehyde has been classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Optimal range: 0.4 - 2.7 ELISA Index
Formaldehyde is an organic compound. Formaldehyde-based materials are common to the manufacture of automobiles. Formaldehyde-containing resins – melamine formaldehyde, ureaformaldehyde, phenolformaldehyde, carbamide formaldehyde – are used as a binder in plywood and particleboard production, home furnishings, household cleaners, paints, textiles, landscape and yard products, medicinal and personal care products, pesticides, fire retardation, increased water repellency, stiffness, carpeting made with synthetic fibers, and wrinkle-resistance in fabric finishing; paper products treated with formaldehyde include paper bags, waxed paper, paper towels, and disposable sanitary products; in the health care industry, formaldehyde is used in disinfectants, preservatives, and embalming fluid. Thus, formaldehyde exposure occurs in multiple home and work environments. Formaldehyde has been classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.5 mmol/mol creatinine
Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) is a functional marker of insufficiency of folic acid, another B-vitamin, and is a compound made from the amino acid histidine.
Optimal range: 0 - 2.2 mcg/mg creatinine
Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) is a functional marker of insufficiency of folic acid, another B-vitamin, and is a compound made from the amino acid histidine.
Optimal range: 0 - 2.7 nmol/mg Creatinine
Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu) is an intermediary organic acid in the conversion of the amino acid histidine to glutamic acid. This enzymatic conversion requires tetrahydrofolic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 5.1 ug/mgCR
Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu) is an intermediary organic acid in the conversion of the amino acid histidine to glutamic acid. This enzymatic conversion requires tetrahydrofolic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.5 mmol/mol creatinine
Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu) is an intermediary organic acid in the conversion of the amino acid histidine to glutamic acid. This enzymatic conversion requires tetrahydrofolic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.5 mmol/mol creatinine
Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu) is a functional marker of insufficiency of folic acid, another B-vitamin, and is a compound made from the amino acid histidine.
Optimal range: 0 - 6.6 u
Free androgen index is a measure of how much testosterone is free and available for use by the body. Much of the testosterone present in the blood is bound to SHBG, and when bound to SHBG, testosterone is inactive. The free androgen index indicates how much testosterone is free and is calculated from total testosterone and SHBG levels. Therefore, high free androgen index results indicate high levels of free testosterone, which can occur with polycystic ovary syndrome and cause menstrual problems, abnormal hair growth and fertility issues.
Optimal range: 7.8 - 29.5 µg/g creatinine
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It is normally released in response to events and circumstances such as waking up in the morning, exercising, and acute stress.
In the Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile (NutriPATH) test there are 4 individual free cortisol readings that were measured at different times throughout one day:
- Free Cortisol (1st Morning)
- Free Cortisol (2nd Morning)
- Free Cortisol (Evening)
- Free Cortisol (Night)
When you are looking at Free Cortisol (1st Morning) it is essential to also look at Free Cortisol (2nd Morning). The difference between those 2 cortisol samples is called the cortisol awakening response (or CAR).
An elevated CAR would mean that the difference between those 2 markers is really big.
Different possible reasons for an elevated CAR:
- an overactive HPA axis (=plays an important role in the stress response), ongoing job-related stress (anticipatory stress for the day)
- blood sugar dysregulation
- pain (i.e. waking with painful joints or a migraine),
- and general depression (not Seasonal affective disorder/”winter depression”)
Neither the waking nor post-waking cortisol results correlated to Major Depressive Disorder, but the CAR calculation (the change between the first two samples) does. So this means that if your morning free cortisol reading spikes up high first thing in the morning, there is something to look at. Is there an overactivity to stress? Are you anticipating a stressful day at work? If your morning free cortisol levels are high, this can be due to stress or anticipating stress.
Optimal range: 23.4 - 68.9 µg/g creatinine
This is the 2nd cortisol sample of the day. Usually measured 30 to 60 minutes after waking.
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It is normally released in response to events and circumstances such as waking up in the morning, exercising, and acute stress.
In the Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile (NutriPATH) test there are 4 individual free cortisol readings that were measured at different times throughout one day:
- Free Cortisol (1st Morning)
- Free Cortisol (2nd Morning)
- Free Cortisol (Evening)
- Free Cortisol (Night)
When you are looking at Free Cortisol (2nd Morning) it is essential to also look at Free Cortisol (1st Morning). The difference between those 2 cortisol samples is called the cortisol awakening response (or CAR).
An elevated CAR would mean that the difference between those 2 markers is really big.
Different possible reasons for an elevated CAR:
- an overactive HPA axis (=plays an important role in the stress response), ongoing job-related stress (anticipatory stress for the day)
- blood sugar dysregulation
- pain (i.e. waking with painful joints or a migraine),
- and general depression (not Seasonal affective disorder/”winter depression”)
Neither the waking nor post-waking cortisol results correlated to Major Depressive Disorder, but the CAR calculation (the change between the first two samples) does. So this means that if your morning free cortisol reading spikes up high first thing in the morning, there is something to look at. Is there an overactivity to stress? Are you anticipating a stressful day at work? If your morning free cortisol levels are high, this can be due to stress or anticipating stress.
