Fecal gadolinium (Gd) provides an indication of Gd that has been excreted from the body in bile, and to a lesser extent oral exposure. Gadolinium can be found in the environment in geographically variable amounts, and usually at very low levels. Gadolinium is widely used in industrial and household applications such as radar technologies, compact discs, and microwaves; direct exposure from such sources is not a concern. However disposal of Gd-containing devices contributes to greater potential for human exposure.

Used as a nuclear MRI contrast agent (usually in its chelated form). Also used in magnets, compact discs, superconductors, magnets, and fluorescent materials.Can also be found in ground and drinking water.

Gdions in chelates can be exchanged with cations like zinc, copper, calcium, or iron. Zinc is a major contributor, therefore adequatezinc levels improve Gd excretion.

Gdcan accumulatein tissue, bone, and brain. Usually removed via kidney. Chelated Gd can dissociate under certain metabolic conditions and inhibit intracellular calcium signalingand disrupt the action of thyroid hormone. Gd targets iron recycling macrophages, induces cellular iron import/export, and labile iron release, which participates in systemic fibrosis.

- Aiding in the prognosis for people diagnosed with heart failure
- Risk-stratification of heart failure people
- An early indication of treatment failure and as a therapeutic target

Galectin-3 can be used in conjunction with clinical evaluation as an aid in assessing the prognosis of people with chronic heart failure. 

Galectin-3 levels >17.8 ng/mL are present in a proportion of people with NYHA class II-IV. Such elevated levels are associated with a more progressive form of heart failure resulting in an increased hazard for death or hospitalization.

The gallbladder is a small organ located under the liver that stores bile, a substance that helps to break down fats. Sometimes polyps (small growths, usually with a stalk) form along the mucosal surface of the gallbladder; it is unclear what causes this to happen. Gallbladder polyps can cause symptoms similar to gallstones - pain in the right upper abdominal area after eating, especially with fatty meals. Appropriate management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps depends on the size of the polyp. Gallbladder polyps equal to or smaller than 5 mm are usually benign (non-cancerous). These should be evaluated with a baseline ultrasound and a repeat ultrasound in 12 months. Follow-up examinations are not necessary if the polyp is stable with the repeat ultrasound.

Discuss this finding with your primary care provider for further evaluation and management.

The Galleri multi-cancer early detection test screens for multiple cancers with a single blood test. In a clinical study, the Galleri test was able to detect a signal shared by more than 50 types of cancer.

Galleri is a screening test and does not diagnose cancer. Diagnostic testing is needed to confirm cancer.

The Galleri test looks for active cancer and does not predict your future genetic risk for cancer.

The Galleri test does not detect a signal for all cancers and not all cancers can be detected in the blood.

False positives and false negative results do occur.

If Galleri detects a cancer signal, your result will include one or two Cancer Signal Origins which predict the tissue type or organ associated with the cancer signal.

Used in integrated circuits, LED’s, solar cells, laser diodes. It is also used in medicine, where the radioisotopes are used as imaging agents,and stable compounds are used in chemotherapy. Ga can be a antimicrobial agent, and used to treat life-threatening, malignancyrelated hypercalcemia. Can be found in ground water near mining, manufacturingand coal combustion plants. Most commonly seen in occupationalexposures, while thereis less data on consumer electronic exposures.

Ga competes with iron for transferrin binding and inhibits receptor-mediated iron uptake by cells, renderingcells irondeficient. Iron replacement has been shown to restore hemoglobin production in Ga exposed cells. It was also found to interact with bone metabolism and to lower calcium levels in the blood.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It serves one-third of brain neurons and is involved in depression and mania. Although there are some dietary supplement and food sources for GABA (cruciferous vegetables, spinach, tomatoes, beans, and rice), the primary source may be endogenous prodution.

Nervous tissue, the gut microbiome, the liver, pancreas, and endothelial cells are important sources for production. Endogenous GABA is produced by the decarboxylation of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid.

Gliadin constitutes a class of proteins that are present in wheat and other cereal which give it the ability to rise properly when baked. The main types of gliadin are alpha, beta, gamma and omega gliadins. Research has suggested that antibody reactivity against all the above mentioned forms of gliadin are found in individuals with ‘Wheat related disorders.’

Gamma globulin is a major class of immunoglobulins found in the blood, including many of the most common antibodies circulating in the blood.

The gamma globulin band consists of 5 immunoglobulins:

- 80% is immunoglobulin G (IgG)

- 15% is immunoglobulin A (IgA)

- 5% is immunoglobulin M (IgM)

- 0.2% is immunoglobulin D (IgD)

- A trace is immunoglobulin E (IgE)

The gamma-globulin fraction contains the immunoglobulins, a family of proteins that function as antibodies.

IFN-γ is a helper T-cell 1 (Th1)-derived cytokine and plays a critical role for both innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and tumor control.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid. The body converts linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid and then to arachidonic acid (AA). 

You can get gamma-linolenic acid from several plant-based oils, including evening primrose oil (EPO), borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Most of these oils also contain some linoleic acid.

Gamma-linolenic acid contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds. It is synthesized from linoleic acid by adding a double bond using the delta-6-desaturase enzyme. This enzymatic reaction is very slow and further impaired in vitamin and mineral deficiencies such as zinc and cobalt. Stress, smoking, alcohol, and systemic inflammatory conditions can also slow this conversion.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid. The body converts linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid and then to arachidonic acid (AA). 

You can get gamma-linolenic acid from several plant-based oils, including evening primrose oil (EPO), borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Most of these oils also contain some linoleic acid.

Gamma-linolenic acid contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds. It is synthesized from linoleic acid by adding a double bond using the delta-6-desaturase enzyme. This enzymatic reaction is very slow and further impaired in vitamin and mineral deficiencies such as zinc and cobalt. Stress, smoking, alcohol, and systemic inflammatory conditions can also slow this conversion.

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the CNS and, as such, is important for balancing excitatory action of other neurotransmitters.

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the CNS and, as such, is important for balancing excitatory action of other neurotransmitters.

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the CNS and, as such, is important for balancing excitatory action of other neurotransmitters.

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the CNS and, as such, is important for balancing excitatory action of other neurotransmitters.