Thyroxine (T4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is sometimes called total thyroxine because it includes both free T4 and T4 bound to proteins.

The T7 Index is used to calculate Free T4, one of the two active thyroid hormones in your bloodstream.

Tacrolimus, Highly Sensitive (LC/MS/MS) is a laboratory test that measures the level of tacrolimus in the blood using a highly accurate and sensitive technique called Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug primarily used to prevent organ rejection in patients who have undergone organ transplantation, such as kidney, liver, or heart transplants. It works by inhibiting the activity of the immune system to reduce the risk of rejecting the transplanted organ.

Tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation, is routinely monitored in whole blood to ensure therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. Chemically known as FK506, tacrolimus binds to the immunophilin FKBP-12, forming a complex that inhibits calcineurin, a critical enzyme in T-lymphocyte signal transduction. By this mechanism, tacrolimus effectively suppresses the immune system, reducing the risk of organ rejection. Its narrow therapeutic index necessitates precise dosing, managed through regular monitoring of whole blood tacrolimus levels.

These cestodes usually infect the intestinal tract, but Taenia solium may also invade the CNS. Transmission is by ingesting cysts in raw or undercooked meat. Taenia solium transmission may also occur via the fecal-oral route, which increases chance of CNS involvement. T. saginata is prevalent in Ethiopia, Kenya, the Middle East, Yugoslavia, Mexico, and parts of South America and Eastern Europe. T. solium is found in Europe, Latin America, India, and China. Infection in the USA is rare. Taeniasis is usually asymptomatic. Mild abdominal symptoms may include epigastric discomfort, increased hunger, diarrhea, nausea, and weight loss. Death of cysts can elicit an intense inflammatory tissue response, with symptoms appearing 4 to 5 years after infection. Infection of the brain or CNS (neurocysticercosis) can cause severe symptoms including seizures, altered mental status, focal neurological signs, and aseptic meningitis.

Taeniasis in humans is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm species Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm).

Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked beef (T. saginata) or pork (T. solium and T. asiatica). People with taeniasis may not know they have a tapeworm infection because symptoms are usually mild or nonexistent.

Taenia solium tapeworm infections can lead to cysticercosis, which is a disease that can cause seizures, so it is important to seek treatment.

The presence of antibodies to Tapioca is an indication of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Adverse reactions to Tapioca have been reported, especially in patients with known latex allergies.

With the globalization of the food market, Tapioca is now being sold and consumed in new markets of North American and European countries, where an increase in reported adverse reactions have been seen.

- Tartaric acid is a compound found in plant foods. It has been identified as a biomarker of grape intake, though it has also been identified in other foods. Tartaric acid levels peak at 4–8 hours after intake. Levels in foods vary significantly between types of foods and within individual foods.

- Tartaric acid cannot be processed by humans and is either excreted or utilized by gut bacteria as a carbon source. Some bacteria have genes for tartaric metabolizing enzymes, so levels can be impacted by gut microbiome. The process starts once tartaric acid is released (i.e., grapes are crushed or are invaded by pathogens), making it susceptible to catabolic enzymes from microorganisms, which may reduce it to oxaloacetate, glyceric acid, and pyruvic acid.

Common Dietary Sources:

Wine/grapes, chocolate, food additive/preservative

Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.

Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.

Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.

- Tartaric acid is a compound found in plant foods. It has been identified as a biomarker of grape intake, though it has also been identified in other foods. Tartaric acid levels peak at 4–8 hours after intake. Levels in foods vary significantly between types of foods and within individual foods.

- Tartaric acid cannot be processed by humans and is either excreted or utilized by gut bacteria as a carbon source. Some bacteria have genes for tartaric metabolizing enzymes, so levels can be impacted by gut microbiome. The process starts once tartaric acid is released (i.e., grapes are crushed or are invaded by pathogens), making it susceptible to catabolic enzymes from microorganisms, which may reduce it to oxaloacetate, glyceric acid, and pyruvic acid.

Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.

- Tartaric acid is a compound found in plant foods. It has been identified as a biomarker of grape intake, though it has also been identified in other foods. Tartaric acid levels peak at 4–8 hours after intake. Levels in foods vary significantly between types of foods and within individual foods.

- Tartaric acid cannot be processed by humans and is either excreted or utilized by gut bacteria as a carbon source. Some bacteria have genes for tartaric metabolizing enzymes, so levels can be impacted by gut microbiome. The process starts once tartaric acid is released (i.e., grapes are crushed or are invaded by pathogens), making it susceptible to catabolic enzymes from microorganisms, which may reduce it to oxaloacetate, glyceric acid, and pyruvic acid.

Common Dietary Sources:

Wine/grapes, chocolate, food additive/preservative

Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.