Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) is a gram-positive, slow-growing bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content. It is present mainly in cattle and transmitted to humans by drinking unpasteurized animal milk. M. avium, M. bovis and M. tuberculosis are the most common human acquired mycobacteria.

Mycophenolic Acid is an antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral mycotoxin acid. It is produced by the Penicillium fungus. 

Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Mycophenolic Acid exposure can increase the risk of opportunistic infections such as clostridia and Candida. 

Mycophenolic Acid is associated with miscarriage and congenital malformations when the woman is exposed in pregnancy.

Mycophenolic Acid is an antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral mycotoxin acid. It is produced by the Penicillium fungus. 

Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Mycophenolic Acid exposure can increase the risk of opportunistic infections such as clostridia and Candida. 

Mycophenolic Acid is associated with miscarriage and congenital malformations when the woman is exposed in pregnancy.

Mycophenolic Acid is an antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral mycotoxin acid. It is produced by the Penicillium fungus. 

Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Mycophenolic Acid exposure can increase the risk of opportunistic infections such as clostridia and Candida. 

Mycophenolic Acid is associated with miscarriage and congenital malformations when the woman is exposed in pregnancy.

Mycoplasma hominis is a type of bacteria that naturally lives in the urogenital tract of some healthy people. It’s part of the Mycoplasma family, which are unique bacteria that lack a cell wall—making them harder to detect and treat with standard antibiotics like penicillin.

In many individuals, Mycoplasma hominis is harmless. But in others, especially when it grows out of balance or spreads, it can contribute to urogenital infections, reproductive health issues, and even complications in pregnancy.

Mycoplasma hominis is from the Tenericutes phylum.

Tenericutes are cell wall-less bacteria that do not synthesize precursors of peptidoglycan. Tenericutes consist of four main clades designated as the Acholeplasma, Spiroplasma, Pneumoniae and Hominis clusters. Tenericutes are typically parasites or commensals of eukaryotic hosts.

Mycoplasma hominis is a fastidious bacterium, which usually colonizes the lower urogenital tract and may cause systemic infections in neonates and genital infections in adults. It can also be the cause of serious extra-genital infections, mainly in immunosuppressed or predisposed subjects.

What is Mycoplasma pneumoniae – IgG?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that commonly causes respiratory infections, especially atypical pneumonia—a milder, slower-developing form of pneumonia often referred to as "walking pneumonia." It is also associated with sore throat, prolonged cough, sinusitis, and bronchitis. In some cases, it can contribute to more serious complications such as asthma exacerbations, ear infections, or skin rashes.

The IgG antibody test detects long-term immune response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. IgG antibodies typically appear several weeks after infection and may remain in the bloodstream for months or even years, indicating past exposure or infection.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgG result reflects a moderate level of antibodies, which may suggest:

• A recent past infection, with IgG levels still stabilizing

• A waning immune response from an older infection

• Borderline reactivity, possibly requiring repeat testing or further evaluation

A medium result alone does not indicate whether the infection is active—it should be considered alongside symptoms and other lab markers, especially IgM.

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antibody (IgG) testing plays a pivotal role in the serological diagnosis of infections caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common agent of atypical pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections.

This antibody is a specific type of immunoglobulin G (IgG), which the human immune system produces in response to an infection with this organism.

The presence and levels of Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG antibodies in a patient's blood are measured to determine whether they have been exposed to the pathogen, either in the recent past or as a more distant infection. Typically, the body starts producing these antibodies 1-2 weeks after the initial infection, and their levels peak around 4-6 weeks post-infection.

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antibody (IgM) testing is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying acute infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common bacterium responsible for causing atypical pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. The IgM antibodies are among the first to be produced by the immune system in response to an infection, typically appearing within the first couple of weeks after exposure to the pathogen.

In the context of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the presence of IgM antibodies is indicative of a recent or ongoing infection, making this test particularly useful in the early stages of the disease. Patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae often present with symptoms like cough, fever, sore throat, and sometimes more severe respiratory issues.

The "Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgA" test is a specific blood test designed to detect the presence of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes respiratory infections, most notably a form of pneumonia often referred to as "walking pneumonia." Unlike typical pneumonia, walking pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is generally milder and can sometimes manifest with symptoms so slight that individuals might not even realize they are ill, hence the name "walking." The body produces IgA antibodies as part of its immune response to a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. These antibodies are a type of protein that the immune system uses to help fight off infections, specifically at mucosal sites such as the lungs and throat in this case.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium transmitted via organism-containing droplets.

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living microbes known.

Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall, which makes them immune to common antibiotics such as penicillin. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma arthritidis and ureaplasma are common human pathogens.

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be important in the process of myelination, the building of myelin sheaths. Thus, MBP is often a target in the demyelination process in various neuroimmune disorders.

Known Cross-Reactions:

Chlamydia pneumonia, herpes – streptococcal protein; gliadin

Function:

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be important in the process of myelination, the building of myelin sheaths. Thus, MBP is often a target in the demyelination process in various neuroimmune disorders.

Function:

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be important in the process of myelination, the building of myelin sheaths. Thus, MBP is often a target in the demyelination process in various neuroimmune disorders.

Myelocytes are immature white blood cells, primarily found in the bone marrow, and their presence in a peripheral blood sample is unusual and significant. A white blood cell (WBC) differential test, which measures the types and numbers of white blood cells in the bloodstream, can detect myelocytes.

The presence of these cells often indicates a disruption in the normal maturation process of white blood cells, commonly due to a hematological condition or bone marrow disorder. Conditions such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), other forms of leukemia, severe infections, or bone marrow stress can lead to the premature release of myelocytes into the bloodstream.

MPO identifies vulnerable plaque due to the breakdown of cells lining the blood vessels. This breakdown leads to white blood cells attacking the vessel wall and marks the progression of cardiovascular disease. Your result is in the desirable range suggesting that you may have a low probability of plaque rupture if cardiovascular disease is present.

MPO levels are associated with an increased risk for:

- Cardiovascular disease

- Myocardial infarction

Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are commonly associated with the following small-vessel vasculitides:

- microscopic polyangiitis,

- polyarteritis nodosa,

- Churg-Strauss syndrome,

- necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis

- and occasionally granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener's).

The perinuclear IFA pattern, (p-ANCA) is based largely on autoantibody to myeloperoxidase which serves as the primary antigen. These autoantibodies are present in active disease.