Explore our database of over 4000 laboratory markers.
Search and Understand 4000+ Biomarkers
Reference range: Negative, Positive
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 10 ug/g
The fecal occult blood test (=FOBT) looks for blood in your feces. “Occult” (=hidden) means that the blood amount is so small that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. The bleeding does not change the color of the stool or result in visible bright red blood. Therefore, the blood is found only by testing the stool for blood in the laboratory.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
Ochratoxin is a nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin. This chemical is produced by molds in the Aspergillus and Penicillium families.
Exposure:
Exposure is done primarily through water damaged buildings. Minimal exposure can occur through contaminated foods such as cereals, grape juices, dairy, spices, wine, dried vine fruit, and coffee. Exposure to Ochratoxin can also come from inhalation exposure in water-damaged buildings.
Ochratoxin can cause immune suppression, lung disease, urinary tract tumors, and is nephrotoxic (kidneys), hepatotoxic (liver), genotoxic (genes), and carcinogenic (causes cancer). This is due to its ability to form DNA adducts and inhibit protein synthesis. Ochratoxin can potentiate the effects of IL-1 Bon IL-8 secretion with a range of 35% to 138% increase and augments the transepithelial passage of commensal bacteria with a 12- to 1522-fold increase. Studies have shown it causes leaky gut syndrome and changes the nutrients that are absorbed from foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
Ochratoxin is a nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin. This chemical is produced by molds in the Aspergillus and Penicillium families.
Exposure:
Exposure is done primarily through water damaged buildings. Minimal exposure can occur through contaminated foods such as cereals, grape juices, dairy, spices, wine, dried vine fruit, and coffee. Exposure to Ochratoxin can also come from inhalation exposure in water-damaged buildings.
Ochratoxin can cause immune suppression, lung disease, urinary tract tumors, and is nephrotoxic (kidneys), hepatotoxic (liver), genotoxic (genes), and carcinogenic (causes cancer). This is due to its ability to form DNA adducts and inhibit protein synthesis. Ochratoxin can potentiate the effects of IL-1 Bon IL-8 secretion with a range of 35% to 138% increase and augments the transepithelial passage of commensal bacteria with a 12- to 1522-fold increase. Studies have shown it causes leaky gut syndrome and changes the nutrients that are absorbed from foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 7.5 ng/g creatinine
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin. This chemical is produced by molds in the Aspergillus and Penicillium families.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.8 ppb
A toxin produced by different Aspergillus and Penicillium species — is one of the most-abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins. It is also a frequent contaminant of water-damaged houses and of heating ducts. Exposure can also come from inhalation in water-damaged buildings.
Optimal range: 0 - 3.83 ng/g
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a renal toxin, is produced majorly by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungal species. Ochratoxin A has been found in barley, oats, rye, wheat, coffee beans, and other plant products, with barley having a particularly high likelihood of contamination. It is also frequently found in pork intended for human consumption.
Optimal range: 0 - 19 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 95000000 CFU/g stool
The bacteria are found in the human gut where they are considered “commensal”, which means “eating from the same dish”. They exist in the human body without either helping or hindering us.