Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Abs

Other names: M pneumoniae IgM Abs

check icon Optimal Result: 0 - 770 U/mL.

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living microbes known. They may exist as part of the normal flora found in the throat, upper respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract. Mycoplasmas are unlike other types of bacteria in many ways and can be difficult to culture and identify. Mycoplasma testing is used to determine whether someone currently has or recently had a mycoplasma infection.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium transmitted via organism-containing droplets. It is a cause of upper respiratory infection, pharyngitis, and tracheobronchitis, particularly in children, and has been associated with approximately 20% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Central nervous system and cardiac manifestations are probably the most frequent extrapulmonary complications of infections due to M pneumoniae. The disease is usually self-limited, although severe disease has been reported in immunocompromised patients.

Identification of M pneumoniae by culture-based methods is time consuming and insensitive. Serology-based assays for M pneumoniae have several drawbacks. The development of IgM antibodies takes approximately 1 week and the IgM response in adults may be variable or it may be decreased in immunosuppressed individuals. Confirmation of the disease is dependent on the observation of a 4-fold rise in IgG antibody titers between acute and convalescent specimens, several weeks following the initial onset of illness, providing clinical utility only for retrospective testing. Real-time PCR offers a rapid and sensitive option for detection of M pneumoniae DNA from clinical specimens allows for diagnosis of acute or current infection.

What does it mean if your Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Abs result is too high?

A positive IgM antibody result is consistent with recent infection.

Positive results indicate the presence of IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Specific IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae are usually detected in people with a recent primary infection and may persist for extended periods (2-12 months) in some people. However they may be found in people with reactivated or secondary infections and are sometimes found in people with no other detectable evidence of recent infection.

Positive test results may not be valid in people who have received blood transfusions or other blood products within the past several months. Results of immunosuppressed people may be difficult to interpret. 

Mycoplasma infections often cause symptoms that resemble viral infections. Unlike viruses, they respond to specific antibiotics that treat this type of microbe and decrease the duration of symptoms.

Having a mycoplasma infection does not confer immunity. A person can become re-infected.

What are some of the possible symptoms?

Most cases of M. pneumoniae infection are mild and self-limited, causing nonspecific symptoms such as bronchitis, a runny nose, and a nonproductive cough that may persist for several weeks. Symptoms may become more severe, causing fever, sore throat, headaches, and muscle aches, when the infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract and causes "walking pneumonia," or, more rarely, spreads to other parts of the body. This is especially true in very young infants, in those who have underlying health conditions, such as asthma, or who have compromised immune systems such as those with HIV/AIDS.

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