The "Non-Gluten Proteins-B IgG" marker is designed to detect immune system reactions to a variety of proteins in wheat that are not classified as gluten. While gluten often gets the most attention due to its association with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity, wheat contains a broad array of other proteins that can also trigger immune responses in some individuals. These non-gluten proteins can provoke IgG antibodies, which are a type of antibody that the immune system produces in response to what it perceives as foreign invaders.

Your non-HDL cholesterol result refers to your total cholesterol value minus your HDL cholesterol. Your lipid panel results normally include four numbers:

- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol;
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol;
- triglycerides; and
- total cholesterol.

Your non-HDL cholesterol result refers to your total cholesterol value minus your HDL cholesterol. Your lipid panel results normally include four numbers:

- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol;
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol;
- triglycerides; and
- total cholesterol.

Nonadecanoic Acid is an odd chain fatty acid.

Fatty acids with odd numbers of carbon atoms are produced primarily by initiating the synthetic series with the three carbon compound, propionic acid.

Nonesterified Fatty Acids (NEFAs), also known as Free Fatty Acids (FFAs), are a type of fatty acid that circulate in the bloodstream without being attached to a glycerol molecule. They play a crucial role in energy metabolism, serving as a major energy source during fasting or periods of increased energy demand.

NEFAs can be derived from the breakdown of stored triglycerides in adipose tissue, and they are also released in response to various physiological conditions, including stress, exercise, and fasting.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is important for mental focus and emotional stability.

Norepinephrine functions as a neurotransmitter and hormone that regulates the “fight or flight” response and elevates blood pressure and heart rate, stimulates wakefulness, and reduces digestive activity.

Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an excitatory neurotransmitter produced in the CNS, as well as a stress hormone produced in the adrenal medulla. Norepinephrine is involved in a wide variety of actions including attention, focus, regulating heart rate, affecting blood flow, and suppressing inflammation. Involved in arousal, it prepares the body for action by relaying messages in the sympathetic nervous system as part of the autonomic nervous system’s fight-or-flight response.

Norepinephrine is one of the catecholamines measured in the Catecholamines, Fractionated, Random Urine test.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands, as well as certain nerve cells (neurons) in the sympathetic nervous system. It plays a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response, helping to prepare the body for action by increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and raising blood pressure.

Norepinephrine (also called noradrenaline) is one of the catecholamines. Catecholamines are hormones made by the adrenal glands. The three catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenalin), norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is important for mental focus and emotional stability.

Norepinephrine functions as a neurotransmitter and hormone that regulates the “fight or flight” response and elevates blood pressure and heart rate, stimulates wakefulness, and reduces digestive activity.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is important for mental focus and emotional stability.

Norepinephrine functions as a neurotransmitter and hormone that regulates the “fight or flight” response and elevates blood pressure and heart rate, stimulates wakefulness, and reduces digestive activity.

The Norepinephrine / Epinephrine ratio is an indicator of epinephrine (adrenaline) conversion (epinephrine is synthesized from norepinephrine). Anxiety, burnout, and poor blood sugar control are associated with a relative epinephrine depletion, and thus an elevated Norepi:Epi ratio.

The Norepinephrine / Epinephrine ratio is an indicator of epinephrine (adrenaline) conversion (epinephrine is synthesized from norepinephrine). Anxiety, burnout, and poor blood sugar control are associated with a relative epinephrine depletion, and thus an elevated Norepi:Epi ratio.

Normetanephrine, a metabolite of norepinephrine, is at normally low levels in the plasma. Certain tumors increase the levels and will increase the levels of nor-metanephrine. The Normetanephrine test, when normal, means these tumors are not present.

Normetanephrine, a metabolite of norepinephrine, is at normally low levels in the plasma. Certain tumors increase the levels and will increase the levels of nor-metanephrine. The Normetanephrine test, when normal, means these tumors are not present.

Metanephrine and normetanephrine are breakdown products (metabolites) of the catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. This test measures the amounts of metanephrine and normetanephrine that are released into the urine over a 24-hour period.

Catecholamines are produced by the adrenal glands (as hormones), small triangular organs located on top of each kidney, and by cells of the sympathetic nervous system (called neurotransmitter substances or neurotransmitters). The primary catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine. Catecholamines are released in response to physical or emotional stress. They help transmit nerve impulses in the brain, increase glucose and fatty acid release for energy, dilate small air passages in the lungs called bronchioles, and dilate the pupils. Norepinephrine also constricts blood vessels, which increases blood pressure, and epinephrine increases heart rate and the rate at which the body uses energy (metabolism).

Normetanephrine is an important metabolite of norepinephrine and serves as a marker for the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Measuring normetanephrine levels can provide valuable information for diagnosing and managing certain medical conditions associated with sympathetic nervous system dysfunction.