Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Having high levels of MSH leads to increased production of melanin. This enhancement occurs due to long-term sun exposure or tanning. People with very light skin often make less melanin because their MSH receptors vary. This means they don't respond to the MSH levels in their blood. 

Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) is a common skin concern in patients with adrenal insufficiency (low levels of adrenal hormones, mainly cortisol).

As a result, the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to make more hormones that might "boost" the adrenal glands. This hormone can be broken down to make MSH, which causes hyperpigmentation. 

MSH levels are also high during pregnancy and in women who take birth control pills, which can also cause hyperpigmentation. 

Cushing's syndrome, another endocrine condition, can also lead to hyperpigmentation.

MSH deficiency causes chronic fatigue and chronic pain. 

Without MSH, deficiency creates chronic non-restful sleep and chronic increased perception of pain, respectively. 

MSH also controls pituitary function, with 60% of MSH deficient patients not having enough antidiuretic hormone. These patients will be thirsty all the time, urinate frequently and often will have unusual sensitivity to static electrical shocks. 

40% of MSH deficient patients won't regulate male hormone production and another 40% won't regulate proper control of ACTH and cortisol.

Melanocyte-Stimulating hormone (MSH) characterizes a group of hormones made by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and skin cells. MSH is essential for preserving the skin from ultraviolet rays, the development of pigmentation, and controlling appetite.