A Hexagonal Phospholipid Neutralization test, often abbreviated as HPP test, is a laboratory assay used in the evaluation of lupus anticoagulants (LAs) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
The primary purpose of the HPP test is to identify lupus anticoagulants. Lupus anticoagulants are autoantibodies that interfere with blood clotting and can lead to an increased risk of abnormal blood clot formation (thrombosis).
The test uses a hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid (PL) as part of the assay system. Egg phosphatidylethanolamine (EPE) is commonly used as the hexagonal phase phospholipid. This unique approach helps confirm the presence of lupus anticoagulants in a patient's blood.
The HPP test is highly sensitive, meaning it can detect lupus anticoagulants even at low concentrations. However, it is less specific compared to some other tests for detecting antiphospholipid antibodies. This means that while it can identify potential cases of lupus anticoagulants, further tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out false positives.
The HPP test is often used in conjunction with other tests, such as the lupus anticoagulant reflexive panel, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and other related conditions.
What does it mean if your Hexagonal Phospholipid Neutral result is too high?
An elevated Hexagonal Phospholipid Neutralization test (HPP test) result can signify the presence of lupus anticoagulants (LAs) or antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in a patient's blood. Here's what an elevated HPP test result may indicate:
→ Lupus Anticoagulants (LAs): An elevated HPP test result often suggests the presence of lupus anticoagulants. LAs are autoantibodies that interfere with the body's ability to form blood clots. Despite the name "anticoagulant," LAs can paradoxically increase the risk of abnormal blood clot formation (thrombosis) rather than preventing it.
→ Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS): Elevated HPP test results are significant in the context of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of aPL, including LAs. APS can lead to recurrent blood clots, miscarriages, and other thrombotic complications.
While an elevated HPP test indicates the potential presence of LAs, it is important to note that further clinical evaluation and additional tests are typically needed to confirm the diagnosis of APS and to assess the risk of thrombosis. Other tests such as mixing studies, clotting assays, and clinical history play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing APS.
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