E. coli are a diverse group of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. Although most strains of these bacteria are harmless, some produce toxins that can make you sick and cause diarrhea (loose stool/poop) such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).

Anyone can get STEC infection. Young children and the elderly are more susceptible to develop serious infection, but healthy older children and young adults can also become seriously ill.

Shigella spp. are non-sporulating bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Shigella infections account for 5% to 20% of all diarrheal episodes throughout the world, and although these infections are commonly seen in children younger than five years old, they can be found in adults of all ages. Shigellosis often begins with fever, watery diarrhea, and abdominal cramps, and can progress to bloody diarrhea.

SCFAs are produced from the fermentation of fibre and protein by certain components of the gut microflora. The SCFAs produced from the fermentation of fibre by probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli have a range of beneficial effects from serving as a fuel for cells lining the intestine (and the rest of the body) to creating an acidic intestinal environment that is unfavourable to potential pathogens.

A sickle cell screen, also known as a sickle cell test or sickle cell screening, is a medical test used to determine whether an individual carries a gene mutation associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, causing them to become rigid and assume a characteristic "sickle" shape. These misshapen red blood cells can lead to various health problems, including pain, anemia, and organ damage.

Sickle Cell Screening (SCRN) is a vital medical procedure designed to detect sickle cell disease, a genetic blood disorder characterized by irregularly shaped red blood cells. This screening is crucial for early diagnosis and management, especially in newborns and individuals at high risk due to their ethnic background.

SIGA (Secretory IgA) is the primary antibody that is protecting us from pathogens and toxins from penetrating mucosal surfaces. Its role is crucial in protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. The antibody blocks the access to the epithelial receptors and traps pathogens and toxins in the mucus which are then excreated by peristaltic movements.

SIGA (Secretory IgA) is the primary antibody that is protecting us from pathogens and toxins from penetrating mucosal surfaces. Its role is crucial in protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. The antibody blocks the access to the epithelial receptors and traps pathogens and toxins in the mucus which are then excreated by peristaltic movements.

Hair silver (Ag) levels have been found to reflect environmental exposure to the element. However, hair may be contaminated with Ag from hair treatments such as permanents, dyes, and bleaches.

Ag is not an essential element and is of relatively low toxicity. However, some Ag salts are very toxic. Sources of Ag include modern hot tubs, seafood, metal and chemical processing industries, photographic processes, jewelry making (especially soldering), effluents from coal fired power plants and colloidal silver products.

Hair silver (Ag) levels have been found to reflect environmental exposure to the element. However, hair may be contaminated with Ag from hair treatments such as permanents, dyes, and bleaches. Ag is not an essential element and is of relatively low toxicity. However, some Ag salts are very toxic.

Sources of Ag include modern hot tubs, seafood, metal and chemical processing industries, photographic processes, jewelry making (especially soldering), effluents from coal fired power plants and colloidal silver products.

Silver is a marker on the NutriStat Basic Profile by US BioTek that helps assess the level of this metal in your body. While silver is not an essential nutrient for human health, it can be present in the body due to various sources, including dietary intake, environmental exposure, and the use of silver-containing products. In medical contexts, silver is sometimes used for its antibacterial properties in wound dressings and certain medical devices. However, elevated levels of silver in the body can be concerning. High silver levels may indicate exposure to silver from industrial settings, contaminated food or water, or overuse of silver supplements or colloidal silver products, which some people use for purported health benefits.