Allopregnanolone, also known as brexanolone, is a medication and a naturally produced steroid that acts on the brain. Allopregnanolone possesses a wide variety of effects, including, in no particular order, antidepressant, anxiolytic, stress-reducing, rewarding, prosocial, antiaggressive, prosexual, sedative, pro-sleep, cognitive, memory-impairment, analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects.

Allopregnanolone is a downstream metabolite of progesterone considered a neurosteroid due to its ability to influence the GABA-A receptor, creating anxiolytic effects.

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum following ovulation and to a lesser extent by the adrenal glands in both sexes. While found in the urine in small amounts, progesterone can be seen as a clinical marker of luteul activity and theraputic oral progesterone administration. The most important progesterone metabolite, pregnanediol (PDL), can serve as a urinary marker for endogenous progesterone levels and as an indicator of ovulation. PDL exists as two isomers, 5α-pregnanediol and 5β-pregnanediol.

5β-pregnanediol represents the majority end point of endogenous progesterone metabolism and appears to have little activity within the body, while 5α-pregnanediol, the lesser metabolite of PDL, can cross the blood brain barrier and may partially agonize GABA-A receptors.

This action is possibly due to its role as an immediate precursor to allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone is a potent neuroactive steroid capable of binding the GABA-A receptor often leading to sedative and anxiolytic action. The calming action of allopregnanolone is often seen with orally supplemented progesterone, as the liver metabolizes a large portion of oral progesterone to the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone.

Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid hormone that plays a significant role in the context of postmenopausal women. During the menopausal transition, there is a notable reduction in allopregnanolone levels, primarily due to decreased ovarian synthesis of progesterone. This hormonal change can have implications for mood and cognition.

Elevated antibody levels can be clinically significant — while the antibodies themselves don’t destroy anything, they do trigger an inflammatory response that can cause significant destruction of tissue and resulting symptoms. This response is not necessarily dependent on antibody levels. However, an equivocal result may mean you are just beginning to exhibit an immune reaction, so this is an important time to take measures to support the body in damping immune reactivity.

Elevated antibody levels can be clinically significant — while the antibodies themselves don’t destroy anything, they do trigger an inflammatory response that can cause significant destruction of tissue and resulting symptoms. This response is not necessarily dependent on antibody levels. However, an equivocal result may mean you are just beginning to exhibit an immune reaction, so this is an important time to take measures to support the body in damping immune reactivity.

Known Cross-Reactions: A5-B3 glycinin of soy, cerebellar, gliadin

The presence of salivary antibodies to a-Casein + b-Casein combined is an indication of loss of oral tolerance and onset of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Cow’s Milk is the most common cause of food immune reactivity in the first years of life and contributes to maladies such as gastrointestinal upset, skin problems, respiratory manifestations and anaphylaxis, for some the sensitivity persists throughout one’s lifetime and may contribute to autoimmunity later in life. Infants have been shown to produce salivary IgA to casein, but tend to outgrow the immune reactivity.

Elevated salivary antibodies to casein in infants have been shown to reflect atopic risk for developing an allergy during the first three years of life. Particular autoimmunities associated with Casein include diabetes, Celiac disease and autoimmune uveitis.

Cow’s Milk plays a role in the gastrointestinal symptoms in 50% of patients with Gluten Reactivity and Celiac disease.

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease
Demyelinating Disease
Graves’ Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Infectious agent exposure
PANDAS / ANDAS / OCD
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Toxin Exposure

Known Cross-Reactions: Streptococcal Protein

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Function: Tubulin is a building block protein and a major component of a cell’s internal cytoskeleton, called microtubules. These structures play key roles in many cellular functions including, interaction with guanine, lateral contacts, interaction with beta and gamma phosphates of nucleotides, interaction with gamma phosphate, longitudinal contacts, backbone interactions with α and β phosphates, hydrophobic contact of conserved residues, nucleotide contacts, MAP-binding domain and acetylation site.

ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease
Demyelinating Disease
Graves’ Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Infectious agent exposure
PANDAS / ANDAS / OCD
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Toxin Exposure

Known Cross-Reactions: Streptococcal Protein

----------------------------

Function: Tubulin is a building block protein and a major component of a cell’s internal cytoskeleton, called microtubules. These structures play key roles in many cellular functions including, interaction with guanine, lateral contacts, interaction with beta and gamma phosphates of nucleotides, interaction with gamma phosphate, longitudinal contacts, backbone interactions with α and β phosphates, hydrophobic contact of conserved residues, nucleotide contacts, MAP-binding domain and acetylation site.

This test is used for the chromogenic determination of plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-antiplasmin) activity in human plasma. Alpha 2-antiplasmin is the major fast-acting inhibitor of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin and an important regulator of the fibrinolytic system.

Measurement of A2-antiplasmin provides a more complete assessment of disseminated intravascular coagulation, intravascular coagulation, fibrinolysis, and hyperfibrinolysis (primary fibrinolysis), when measured in combination with fibrinogen, D-dimers, and fibrinolysis products.

- Alpha-2-Macroglobulin is produced in the liver.

- Increased concentrations are associated with patients with some chronic liver diseases, nephrotic syndrome, and diabetes.

- Decreased concentrations are associated with patients with pancreatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma.

Alpha-aminoadipic acid (a-Aminoadipic acid) is an intermediary metabolite of lysine (primarily) and of tryptophan.

Alpha-Amino-N-butyric acid (α-ANB), also known as alpha-aminobutyric acid, is a nonessential amino acid derived from the catabolism of methionine, threonine, and serine.

α-ANB is both formed and metabolized by reactions which require vitamin B6 as a cofactor.

Amino Acid Analysis, Plasma - Amino Acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of a variety of inborn errors of metabolism. These include, but are not limited to, phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, citrullinemia, non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, maple syrup urine disease, and homocystinuria. The assay is also key for the continued monitoring of treatment plans for these disorders and useful for assessing nutritional status of patients.