21-Hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid hormone with mineralocorticoid properties produced in the adrenal gland which serves as a precursor hormone to aldosterone.

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 23 KD (IGG) Band and hence is a IgG antibody marker. IgG antibodies are a sign of an older infection. In contrast, IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. 

IgM antibodies usually disappear after eight weeks post-exposure. 
IgG remains in the serum for a very long time. 

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 23 KD (IGM) and hence is a IgM antibody marker. IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. IgG antibodies in contrast are a sign of an older infection.

The "24 Hour Urine Iodine" test offered by Doctor's Data Laboratory is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate iodine levels in the body. This test is essential for assessing thyroid gland function, immune response, and estrogen metabolism. Iodine is a crucial element required for normal thyroid function and overall health, including metabolic regulation and neurological development. Insufficient iodine can lead to issues like thyroid deficiency, weight gain, loss of energy, goiter, and impaired mental function.

The "24 Hour Volume" marker on a Urine 24-hour Amino Acids panel from Doctor's Data is a crucial measurement that indicates the total volume of urine collected over a 24-hour period.

This measurement is essential because it helps ensure the accuracy of the test results. Amino acids are small molecules in the body that play key roles in building proteins, supporting metabolism, and performing other vital functions.

By collecting urine for 24 hours, the lab can accurately determine the concentration of amino acids excreted in the urine throughout the day. This comprehensive snapshot helps identify any abnormalities or imbalances in amino acid levels, which can be indicative of various health conditions. It's important for patients to follow the collection instructions carefully, ensuring all urine is collected within the specified time frame to provide a complete and accurate sample for analysis. This helps healthcare providers diagnose potential health issues more effectively and tailor appropriate treatments.

Cortisol is a steroid produced and secreted by the adrenal glands.

A very small percentage of cortisol is free and unbound, while the remaining is in transition. The human body produces cortisol first, and then different glands have the ability to keep it as cortisol or convert it into cortisone, which is biologically inactive.

The biomarker 24hr Free Cortisol is the sum of your free cortisol measurements throughout one day. In the DUTCH test those individual measurements are labeled as:

- Cortisol (Waking)

- Cortisol B (Morning)

- Cortisol C (Afternoon)

- Cortisol D (Night)

If you add those four readings together you get your 24hr Free Cortisol reading.

Cortisone is the inactive form of cortisol. Cortisone shows minimal biological activity per se, reflecting negligible affinity for the glucocorticoid and aldosterone receptors. The kidney, colon and saliva gland have lots of activity for changing cortisol to cortisone (active to inactive) to keep cortisol off the aldosterone receptor. Cortisone is converted back in the liver, fat, etc. (inactive to active).

Vitamin D is well known for the role it plays in regulating calcium and phosphorus to maintain bone health. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder, neurological autoimmune processes, and in preventing on-going inflammation that damages tissue.

Vitamin D, frequently called the “sun vitamin,” is an essential component of the systems that our bodies use to keep bones and teeth strong. It also has important, emerging roles in immune function and cancer prevention. We have natural processes that regulate vitamin D production from the sun so extremely high levels of it are rare. Deficiency can cause a number of issues including weak bones, called osteomalacia.

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There is no consensus in the literature regarding optimal levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Higher levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D may be concerning in patients with renal failure. Levels below 30 ng/mL are considered insufficient by most medical associations.

Vitamin D is well known for the role it plays in regulating calcium and phosphorus to maintain bone health. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder, neurological autoimmune processes, and in preventing on-going inflammation that damages tissue.

Vitamin D, frequently called the “sun vitamin,” is an essential component of the systems that our bodies use to keep bones and teeth strong. It also has important, emerging roles in immune function and cancer prevention. We have natural processes that regulate vitamin D production from the sun so extremely high levels of it are rare. Deficiency can cause a number of issues including weak bones, called osteomalacia.

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 28 KD (IGG) Band and hence is a IgG antibody marker. IgG antibodies are a sign of an older infection. In contrast, IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. 

IgM antibodies usually disappear after eight weeks post-exposure. 
IgG remains in the serum for a very long time. 

Metabolite of phenylalanine via phenyl pyruvate.

- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid is found in red beetroot, common beet, olives, and correlated with coffee intake.

- One of the most abundant phenolates, formed by microbial transformation of dietary polyphenols and endogenous metabolites such as dopamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid is highly correlated with homovanillic acid (HVA).

- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid has antioxidant properties and significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Dopac (aka 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine serves as the reward and pleasure center in the brain. DOPAC and HVA (Homovanillic Acid) are dopamine metabolites.

DOPAC levels, when viewed in conjunction with dopamine levels, may provide insight into how the body processes neurotransmitters.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate seems to be strongly associated with a troublesome type of bacteria called Clostridia.