Arachidonic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Our bodies produce this nutrient, and its excess may lead to inflammatory diseases and mood disorders.
Because of the prevalence of corn and corn oil products in feed for cattle and hogs, diets high in these animal products are rich in arachidonic acid.
Arachidonic acid is found in animal products, like poultry and eggs. The amount of arachidonic acid found in just one egg a day elevated arachidonic acid levels in the bloodstream, Japanese researchers learned.
Food sources of arachidonic acid, listed in descending order by percentages of their contribution to intake:
| Rank | Food item | Contribution to intake (%) | Cumulative contribution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chicken and chicken mixed dishes | 26.9 | 26.9 |
| 2 | Eggs and egg mixed dishes | 17.8 | 44.7 |
| 3 | Beef and beef mixed dishes | 7.3 | 52.0 |
| 4 | Sausage, franks, bacon, and ribs | 6.7 | 58.7 |
| 5 | Other fish and fish mixed dishes | 5.8 | 64.5 |
| 6 | Burgers | 4.6 | 69.1 |
Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon or fatty acid that serves as the principal pro-inflammatory fatty acid. Its synthesis is inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Arachidonic Acid and Mental Health:
Arachidonic acid may trigger brain inflammation. High blood levels have been associated with a greater risk of suicide and depressive episodes. On the other hand, diets high in carbohydrate and low in fat and protein (with little or no arachidonic acid) may be associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, according to epidemiological studies.
In one study, overweight or diabetic employees who went on a whole food, plant-based diet reported increased energy, better sleep patterns and improved mental health compared to a control group given no diet restrictions. Their work productivity also showed improvement.
A similar subsequent study of employees at 10 corporate sites showed notable improvements in depression, anxiety and emotional well-being among those following a meat-free, plant-based diet.
Arachidonic Acid and Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
Animal protein from meat and fish has also been associated with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Arachidonic acid has been identified as one possible reason why. Even a semi-vegetarian diet has been shown to be highly beneficial in preventing relapses among patients suffering from Crohn’s disease.
References:
- https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/foodsources/fatty_acids/table4.html
- https://nutritionfacts.org/topics/arachidonic-acid/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=20950616[uid]
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18774339
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12548439
Reduced intake of animal meats and fats, or low dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids in general, can result in lower levels of AA. Lack of vitamin and mineral cofactors for the desaturase and elongase enzymes upstream in omega-6 metabolism might contribute to lower levels.
Because of important immune and inflammatory signaling which requires AA, and its role in cell membrane phospholipid metabolism, lower levels of AA do have clinical significance. Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, and neurologic disorders like tardive dyskinesia, show depletion of AA in RBC membranes. Improving AA levels decreased symptoms in some patients.
Monitoring levels and ensuring adequate dietary intake of AA is important in pregnant women, infants, children, and the elderly due to its importance for the development and optimization of the nervous system, skeletal muscle, and the immune system.
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- A high Arachidonic acid level promotes gallstone formation by stimulating mucin production in the gallbladder mucosa.
- Arachidonic acid may trigger brain inflammation. High blood levels have been associated with a greater risk of suicide and depressive episodes.
- Animal protein from meat and fish has also been associated with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Arachidonic acid has been identified as one possible reason why.
Potential treatment:
Reduce or eliminate consumption of animal products.
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11-Eicosenoic, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, a-Hydroxybutyric Acid, AA/EPA, Alpha Linolenic, alpha-Tocopherol, Aluminum, Arachidic, Arachidonic, Arsenic, Behenic, Beta-Carotene, Cadmium, Calcium, Capric, Coenzyme Q10 (Genova), Copper, Creatinine, Dihomogamma Linolenic (Genova), Docosadienoic (Genova), Docosahexaenoic (Genova), Docosapentaenoic (Genova), Docosatetraenoic (Genova), Eicosadienoic (Genova), Eicosapentaenoic (Genova), EPA/DGLA (Genova), Gamma Linolenic (Genova), gamma-Tocopherol (Genova), Glyceric Acid, Glycolic, Heneicosanoic (Genova), Heptadecanoic (Genova), Hexacosanoic (Genova), LA/DGLA, Lauric (Genova), Lead (Genova), Lignoceric (Genova), Linoleic (Genova), Lipid Peroxides (Genova), Magnesium (Genova), Mead (Genova), Mercury (Genova), Myristic (Genova), Myristoleic (Genova), Nervonic (Genova), Nonadecanoic (Genova), Oleic (Genova), Oxalic Acid, Palmitelaidic, Palmitic (Genova), Palmitoleic (Genova), Pentadecanoic (Genova), Potassium (Genova), Selenium (Genova), Stearic (Genova), Stearic/Oleic, Total C:18 Trans, Tricosanoic (Genova), Triene/Tetraene (Genova), Vaccenic, Vitamin A (Retinol) (Genova), Zinc (Genova)
