N-Acetyl(3,4-dihydroxybutyl) cysteine (NADB) is a result of the exposure to 1,3 butadiene and NABD is the major metabolite. This metabolite is evidence of exposure to synthetic rubber such as tires. The primary route of exposure is inhalation. Some exposure may occur through ingestion of contaminated food or water or through dermal contact. Newer playgrounds and athletic fields are now made with ground up tires, which may lead to increased exposure for children. 1,3 butadiene is a known carcinogen and has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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