The Natural Killer Cells CD3-CD16+CD56+ (ABS) test is an advanced diagnostic tool with significant implications in the fields of immunology, oncology, and reproductive medicine. Natural Killer (NK) cells, a critical component of the innate immune system, play a vital role in the body’s first line of defense against tumors and virally infected cells. This test quantifies the absolute number of NK cells in the blood, specifically identifying the subset characterized by the absence of CD3 and the presence of CD16 and CD56 markers. High or abnormal levels of these cells can be indicative of various health conditions.

Hookworms are soil-transmitted nematode parasites that can reside for many years in the small intestine of their human hosts; Necator americanus is the predominant infecting species.

What is gonorrhea?

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men. N. gonorrhoeae can also infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.

How do people get gonorrhea?

Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread perinatally from mother to baby during childbirth.

People who have had gonorrhea and received treatment may be reinfected if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid (NA) is an omega-9 MUFA with a 24-carbon backbone and one double bond (24:1n9). It is a very important fatty acid in the white matter of the brain and is responsible for nerve cell myelin biosynthesis. There are small amounts of NA in cooking fats, vegetable oils and borage oil. It can also be synthesized in the body by elongating oleic acid (which is essentially desaturated stearic acid). NA is essential for the growth and maintenance of the brain and peripheral nervous tissue enriched with sphingomyelin.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid (NA) is an omega-9 MUFA with a 24-carbon backbone and one double bond (24:1n9). It is a very important fatty acid in the white matter of the brain and is responsible for nerve cell myelin biosynthesis. There are small amounts of NA in cooking fats, vegetable oils and borage oil. It can also be synthesized in the body by elongating oleic acid (which is essentially desaturated stearic acid). NA is essential for the growth and maintenance of the brain and peripheral nervous tissue enriched with sphingomyelin.

Neurofilament proteins, integral to the neuronal cytoskeleton, play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, ALS, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, forming intraneuronal aggregates. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is released from neurons into the cerebrospinal fluid and is a marker for neurodegeneration across various neurological conditions.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. The production of NSE occurs late in neural differentiation, thus making NSE an index of neural maturation.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a key biomarker predominantly found in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, making it highly valuable for clinical diagnostics and monitoring neurological and neuroendocrine disorders. NSE is a glycolytic enzyme that plays a crucial role in the process of glycolysis, helping to convert glucose into energy. Due to its specificity, elevated levels of NSE in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are often indicative of neuronal damage or neuroendocrine tumors. Clinically, NSE is extensively used as a tumor marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma, where its elevated levels correlate with tumor burden, disease progression, and patient prognosis.

NLR (Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio) is a biomarker that can be used as an indication of subclinical inflammation. NLR is a calculation based on the Absolute Neutrophil Count divided by the Absolute Lymphocyte Count determined by the peripheral blood CBC differential. This calculation, according to recent literature, is useful in assessing the likelihood of severe progression of disease in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

O que são neutrófilos?

Os neutrófilos são os glóbulos brancos mais abundantes e essenciais para a defesa imunológica. Eles são produzidos na medula óssea e circulam pelo sangue e tecidos para combater infecções.

Como células fagocíticas, os neutrófilos engolfam e destroem bactérias, vírus e outros invasores nos locais de infecção. Eles também desempenham um papel na resposta inflamatória, ajudando o corpo a reagir a alérgenos e lesões.

Os neutrófilos são transparentes e geralmente esféricos em repouso, mas mudam de forma para combater infecções de maneira eficaz.

O que são neutrófilos?

Os neutrófilos são o tipo mais abundante de glóbulo branco (leucócito) no corpo humano e desempenham um papel crucial no funcionamento do sistema imunológico. Como células fagocíticas, sua principal função é englobar e destruir invasores nocivos, como bactérias e vírus, especialmente no local de uma lesão ou infecção.

Além de combater infecções, os neutrófilos também estão envolvidos na resposta inflamatória do corpo. Eles reagem a alérgenos, lesões ou infecções, liberando enzimas e sinalizando outras células imunológicas, contribuindo para a inflamação — um processo natural que ajuda a proteger e curar o corpo.

Com seu papel duplo na imunidade e na inflamação, os neutrófilos são indispensáveis para a manutenção da saúde geral e para a defesa contra uma ampla gama de patógenos.