Glutenin or Glutenine is a wheat protein that together with gliadin produces gluten. Glutenin gives firmness to bread dough during the kneading process by increasing the stability through a 3-dimensional network.

Gluteomorphin, also known as, Gliadorphin, is an opioid peptide formed from undigested Gliadin from gluten protein.

Gluteomorphin, also known as gliadorphin, is a peptide that is derived from the digestion of gluten in the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, gluteomorphin is produced when the digestive enzymes break down a protein in gluten called gliadin.

Gluteomorphin has been found to have opioid-like effects, meaning that it can bind to the opioid receptors in the brain and produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation. Some researchers have suggested that this may be one reason why people with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease may experience cravings or addiction-like behaviors when consuming gluten-containing foods.

The GlycA test assesses a specific NMR signal, distinct from lipoprotein particle analysis, and is regarded as a potential marker of systemic inflammation, offering clinical utility comparable to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, and other inflammation biomarkers. This NMR signal, termed "GlycA," originates from N-acetylglucosamine moieties on circulating glycoproteins' carbohydrate portions.

Glycated hemoglobin, commonly known as HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that normally carries oxygen throughout your body. When glucose (sugar) in your bloodstream attaches to hemoglobin, it forms HbA1c. The higher your blood glucose levels, the more glycated hemoglobin is formed. Doctors use the HbA1c test as a marker to get an average of an individual's blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. This test is crucial for managing diabetes, as it helps to evaluate how well a person is keeping their blood glucose levels in check. Unlike daily blood sugar tests, which can fluctuate greatly from day to day and hour to hour, HbA1c provides a more stable and long-term gauge of blood sugar control. This makes it an essential tool not only for diagnosing diabetes but also for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment plans.

Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) is the amount of glucose attached to total serum proteins that indicate the average amount of glucose in the blood over the previous two to three weeks.

Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) serves as a 2-3 week indicator of average blood glucose, closing the information gap between daily blood glucose and HbA1c monitoring. Studies have shown that GSP can be reliably used in medical conditions which impact red blood cell life span thus decreasing the accuracy of HbA1c measurements.

Optimal: <200 µmol/L

Borderline: 200-250 µmol/L (may indicate increased risk of diabetes mellitus)

Increased Risk: >250 µmol/L

Glyceric acid is an organic acid that stems from the catabolism of the amino acid serine. Severe elevations in glyceric acid are an indication of a rare inborn error of metabolism known as glyceric aciduria. One form of glyceric aciduria is the result of a defect in the enzyme glycerate kinase which removes glyceric acid from the system. While many case studies have linked this disorder with severe developmental abnormalities, there is some debate as to whether glycerate kinase deficiency is the cause or rather a confounding variable. Another glyceric aciduria is referred to as primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). This rare genetic condition results in excessive production of oxalates in the system in the form of oxalic acid. Over time, systemic deposition of oxalates in body tissues can occur which is a process known as oxalosis. This disease is characterized by urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and deposition of oxalates in other body tissues.

The organic acids test by Great Plains Laboratory measures a few oxalate metabolites which can determine if someone has high oxalate levels. These include oxalic, glycolic, and glyceric.

In humans and in yeast, glyoxalate is the parent compound that can be converted into the three metabolites measured on the Organic Acids Test (OAT): glyceric, glycolic, and oxalic acid.

Normal values rule out genetic causes of significantly elevated urinary oxalic acid.

Normal values rule out genetic causes of significantly elevated urinary oxalic acid.

Normal values rule out genetic causes of significantly elevated urinary oxalic acid.

Glyceric acid is an organic acid that stems from the catabolism of the amino acid serine. Severe elevations in glyceric acid are an indication of a rare inborn error of metabolism known as glyceric aciduria. One form of glyceric aciduria is the result of a defect in the enzyme glycerate kinase which removes glyceric acid from the system.

Glyceric acid is an organic acid that stems from the catabolism of the amino acid serine. Severe elevations in glyceric acid are an indication of a rare inborn error of metabolism known as glyceric aciduria. One form of glyceric aciduria is the result of a defect in the enzyme glycerate kinase which removes glyceric acid from the system. While many case studies have linked this disorder with severe developmental abnormalities, there is some debate as to whether glycerate kinase deficiency is the cause or rather a confounding variable. Another glyceric aciduria is referred to as primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). This rare genetic condition results in excessive production of oxalates in the system in the form of oxalic acid. Over time, systemic deposition of oxalates in body tissues can occur which is a process known as oxalosis. This disease is characterized by urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and deposition of oxalates in other body tissues.

Glyceric acid is an organic acid that stems from the catabolism of the amino acid serine. Severe elevations in glyceric acid are an indication of a rare inborn error of metabolism known as glyceric aciduria. One form of glyceric aciduria is the result of a defect in the enzyme glycerate kinase which removes glyceric acid from the system. While many case studies have linked this disorder with severe developmental abnormalities, there is some debate as to whether glycerate kinase deficiency is the cause or rather a confounding variable. Another glyceric aciduria is referred to as primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). This rare genetic condition results in excessive production of oxalates in the system in the form of oxalic acid. Over time, systemic deposition of oxalates in body tissues can occur which is a process known as oxalosis. This disease is characterized by urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and deposition of oxalates in other body tissues.

Glyceric acid is an organic acid that stems from the catabolism of the amino acid serine. Severe elevations in glyceric acid are an indication of a rare inborn error of metabolism known as glyceric aciduria. One form of glyceric aciduria is the result of a defect in the enzyme glycerate kinase which removes glyceric acid from the system.