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Optimal range: 0.7 - 9.3 nmol/mg Creatinine
- Suberic acid is present in the urine of people with fatty acid oxidation disorders.
- A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid.
- Elevated levels of this unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD).
- Elevated in Schizophrenics
- People with metabolic syndrome or diabetes had significantly elevated adipic acid, suberic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid.
- Ketosis is sometimes accompanied by excessive excretion of adipic and suberic acid.
Optimal range: 0.16 - 2.18 mmol/mol
- Suberic acid is present in the urine of people with fatty acid oxidation disorders.
- A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid.
- Elevated levels of this unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD).
- Elevated in Schizophrenics
- People with metabolic syndrome or diabetes had significantly elevated adipic acid, suberic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid.
- Ketosis is sometimes accompanied by excessive excretion of adipic and suberic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 2.1 mmol/mol creatinine
Dietary fatty acids are metabolized into fuel sources using beta-oxidation. Fatty acid conversion into Acetyl-CoA requires transport across the mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle. When beta-oxidation is impaired, fats are metabolized using an alternate pathway called omega-oxidation. Omega-oxidation results in elevated levels of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and suberic acid. Impaired beta-oxidation occurs in carnitine deficiency or enzymatic dysfunction due to lack of nutrient cofactors. Vitamin B2 and magnesium play a role in optimizing beta-oxidation.
Optimal range: 0 - 2.1 mmol/mol creatinine
Suberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.
Optimal range: 0 - 3 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0.4 nmol/mg Creatinine
Suberylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Optimal range: 0.4 - 4.6 mmol/mol creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 20.99 ug/mg creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body. Succinic acid is a key intermediate of both the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport chain that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the currency for most of the body’s energy transactions.
Succinate is produced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed glutamine and is a metabolite of alpha-ketogluturate, as well as methionine, valine & leucine; precursor of fumaric acid; also formed from bacterial action on glutamine.
Optimal range: 0 - 20.9 mcg/mg creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 9.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 21 mg/g creat
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 16 mmol/mol creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 15 mmol/mol creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Optimal range: 0 - 23 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 2.5 - 11.5 ug/mg CR
Succinyl CoA becomes succinic acid using succinyl CoA synthetase. This reaction produces NADH which directly provides electrons for the electron transport chain or respiratory chain. Succinic acid requires the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase to become fumarate. This enzyme is ironbased and requires vitamin B2 to support flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a redox coenzyme. Succinate dehydrogenase plays a critical role in mitochondrial metabolism. Impairment of this enzyme’s activity has been linked to a variety of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Optimal range: 0 - 9.4 mmol/mol
Succinyl CoA becomes succinic acid using succinyl CoA synthetase. This reaction produces NADH which directly provides electrons for the electron transport chain or respiratory chain. Succinic acid requires the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase to become fumarate. This enzyme is ironbased and requires vitamin B2 to support flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a redox coenzyme. Succinate dehydrogenase plays a critical role in mitochondrial metabolism. Impairment of this enzyme’s activity has been linked to a variety of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Optimal range: 16 - 25 umol/L
Succinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
