Measurements of serum inorganic phosphorus (phosphate or PO4) are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders including parathyroid gland and kidney diseases, and vitamin D status. Serum PO4 is regulated by coordinated efforts of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, and PO4 levels are inversely proportional to Ca levels. Low PO4 may be associated with fatigue, paresthesias and muscle weakness, while elevated PO4 may be associated with hypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypocalcemia and tetany.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including the formation of bones and teeth, energy production, and the functioning of cells and tissues. When it comes to urinalysis, the presence and levels of phosphorus can provide important information about a person's kidney function and overall health. The kidneys help regulate phosphorus levels in the blood, and when they are not functioning properly, phosphorus levels can become abnormal.

Phosphorus levels are highly indicative of one's ability to synthesize protein. The inability to synthesize protein frequently results in impaired digestion.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is involved in protein synthesis and energy production within the cells. All proteins contain phosphorus and thus are a significant source of organic phosphorus. The hair tissue mineral level of phosphorus is often associated with the adequacy of protein synthesis in the body. This depends on the diet, lifestyle, condition of the intestinal tract and liver and the levels of other nutritional minerals such as zinc and copper.

Phosphorylated Tau 181 (pTau181) is a biomarker measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to assess the presence of abnormal tau protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Tau is a protein involved in stabilizing microtubules within neurons, but when abnormally phosphorylated at specific sites, such as threonine 181, it becomes dysfunctional and contributes to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s pathology. Elevated pTau181 levels in CSF are strongly indicative of tau-related neurodegeneration and help distinguish Alzheimer’s disease from other types of dementia or neurodegenerative conditions. When analyzed alongside total tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ42) levels, pTau181 improves diagnostic accuracy for early Alzheimer’s, aiding in the differentiation of Alzheimer’s from other disorders like frontotemporal dementia. Elevated pTau181 levels reflect not only neuronal damage but also ongoing tau hyperphosphorylation, making it a critical tool for both diagnosis and monitoring disease progression.

Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent. This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent. This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent. This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent.

This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent. This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is a product of glycolysis and is formed by amino group transfer from glutamic acid to phosphohydroxypyruvic acid.

Phosphoserine is a product of glycolysis and is formed by amino group transfer from glutamic acid to phosphohydroxypyruvic acid.

Phthalates, often known as plasticizers, are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and harder to break. They are widely used in cosmetics, adhesives, detergents, lubricating oils, automotive plastics, and plastic clothes. People are exposed to phthalates by eating or drinking contaminated foods but also by breathing in air that contains phthalate vapors or dusts.

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Other names: Picolinate

From the breakdown of hydroxykynurenine via ACMS decarboxylase

- Decreased picolinic acid and increased quinolinic acid blood levels noted in suicidal subjects.

- A tryptophan metabolite produced through non-enzymatic conversion.