Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine playing a pivotal role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. As a member of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily of cytokines, TGF-β1 is particularly noted for its dual role in both promoting and inhibiting tumor formation. In normal physiological conditions, TGF-β1 functions as a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis, exerting potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It helps maintain the balance in the immune system and prevents autoimmune responses.

Transferrin is the main protein in the blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. A transferrin test directly measures the level in the blood.

The Transferrin Receptor, a critical protein in iron metabolism, plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and managing iron-related disorders, making it an essential biomarker in modern medical diagnostics. This receptor, found on the surface of most cells, particularly erythroblasts, binds to transferrin, the primary iron transport protein in the blood, facilitating the uptake of iron into cells. Measuring the levels of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in the blood provides crucial insights into the body's iron status, especially in distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease.

Transferrin saturation (TSAT) is the ratio of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. All three measurements are used to help determine the cause of iron levels that are abnormally high or abnormally low. TS may also be used to identify the presence and type of anemia.

Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and repair in a variety of tissues.

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes. They form protein polymers, like scaffolding, which are vital in the formation of barriers and stable structures. The Transglutaminase found in the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid.

Commercial food industry uses transglutaminase to bind proteins together in the making of processed meats, including fish and imitation meats.

Known Cross-Reactions: Fibrinogen, Transglutaminase-3 and -6

Tissue Transglutaminase-2 (tTG2) -- Transglutaminases are enzymes with multiple functions. One of the key functions is to build tissue structures. tTG2 is found throughout the body, but is the predominant enzyme in the intestinal villi. This makes it a preferred biomarker for possible Celiac disease.

Tissue Transglutaminase-3 (tTG3) -- The transglutaminase found in skin and hair shaft follicles is tTG3. In some individuals, the ingestion of gluten causes eruptions on the skin known as dermatitis herpetiformis. Adherence to the gluten-free diet can clear the skin of these eruptions.

Tissue Transglutaminase-3 (tTG3) -- The transglutaminase found in skin and hair shaft follicles is tTG3. In some individuals, the ingestion of gluten causes eruptions on the skin known as dermatitis herpetiformis. Adherence to the gluten-free diet can clear the skin of these eruptions.

Tissue Transglutaminase-6 (tTG6) -- The transglutaminase found in the brain and nervous system is tTG6. In some individuals, the ingestion of gluten causes neurological manifestations, such as gluten ataxia (walking or balance disorder) or peripheral neuropathy (tingling in the legs or feet). Adherence to the gluten-free diet can improve these neurological conditions.

Tissue Transglutaminase-6 (tTG6) -- The transglutaminase found in the brain and nervous system is tTG6. In some individuals, the ingestion of gluten causes neurological manifestations, such as gluten ataxia (walking or balance disorder) or peripheral neuropathy (tingling in the legs or feet). Adherence to the gluten-free diet can improve these neurological conditions.

The marker "Transitional CD38+IgM+ %" on a Lymphocyte Subset Panel is an important parameter used in the evaluation of immune system health, specifically focusing on a particular subset of B lymphocytes. This marker identifies transitional B cells, which are a stage of B cell development occurring after they leave the bone marrow and before they become fully mature. CD38 and IgM are both molecules found on the surface of these cells. CD38 is a glycoprotein involved in cell activation and signaling, while IgM is a type of antibody that these cells produce in early stages. The percentage of these transitional CD38+IgM+ B cells among the total lymphocytes provides valuable information about the immune system's status and its ability to respond to infections or other immune challenges. In clinical settings, assessing the proportion of these cells helps in diagnosing and monitoring immune disorders, including certain types of immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. This measurement is especially crucial in evaluating the immune system's maturity and functional capacity in young individuals or in patients undergoing immune restoration therapies.

Transitional CD38+IgM+ B cells represent an immature B-cell population that has just migrated from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. These cells express high CD38 and surface IgM, reflecting their early activation state and ongoing maturation into fully functional B cells. Measuring transitional B cells helps clinicians understand the health of B-cell development, immune tolerance, and overall immune system regulation.

Treponema pallidum antibodies are specific antibodies produced by the immune system in response to infection with Treponema pallidum, the bacterium responsible for causing syphilis. These antibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of syphilis.

There are various treponemal tests, including the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test, and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). These tests detect different types of Treponema pallidum antibodies.

Tricarballylate (tricarb) is derived from dietary carbohydrates. It binds magnesium very tightly and prevents absorption, leading to magnesium deficiency.

Tricarballylate (tricarb) is produced by a strain of aerobic bacteria that quickly repopulates in the gut. As its name implies, tricarb contains three carboxylic acid groups.

This organic acid binds very tightly to magnesium, possibly zinc and calcium and may induce a deficiency in these important minerals. The bacterium that produces this element is also very fast growing and may cause numerous vitamin and mineral deficiencies. As it may interfere with carbohydrate absorption, a diet low in carbohydrates is suggested.