Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid is a specific type of trans fat that is measured in the Nutristat Basic Profile by US Biotek. Trans fats, including Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid, are unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to improve shelf life and stability in foods, but they can have negative health effects.

Measuring Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid Levels

On the Nutristat Basic Profile, measuring Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid levels helps assess an individual's intake of trans fats, which are commonly found in processed and fried foods. High levels of Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid in the body are a concern because they are linked to increased risks of heart disease, inflammation, and other chronic health conditions.

Palmitoleic acid (POA) is a monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (16:1n7).

The main dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include dairy products, avocado oils, oily fish, and macadamia nuts. Macadamia nuts contain the cis- isomer of POA, while dairy products mainly contain the trans- isomer. Like many fatty acids, POA can also be endogenously made from the breakdown of triglycerides, the desaturation of palmitic acid, or de novo synthesis from carbohydrates. POA is an important signaling lipokine, produced mainly by white adipose tissue, that regulates important metabolic processes such as skeletal muscle glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic lipid deposition. It is also a modulator of adipocyte lipolysis, however, studies are mixed as to POA’s specific role in obesity. Epidemiologic studies show that circulating POA levels are involved in cholesterol metabolism and hemostasis, though the results are mixed as to their specific cardiovascular outcomes.

Palmitoleic acid (POA) is a monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (16:1n7).

The main dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include dairy products, avocado oils, oily fish, and macadamia nuts. Macadamia nuts contain the cis- isomer of POA, while dairy products mainly contain the trans- isomer. Like many fatty acids, POA can also be endogenously made from the breakdown of triglycerides, the desaturation of palmitic acid, or de novo synthesis from carbohydrates. POA is an important signaling lipokine, produced mainly by white adipose tissue, that regulates important metabolic processes such as skeletal muscle glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic lipid deposition. It is also a modulator of adipocyte lipolysis, however, studies are mixed as to POA’s specific role in obesity. Epidemiologic studies show that circulating POA levels are involved in cholesterol metabolism and hemostasis, though the results are mixed as to their specific cardiovascular outcomes.

Trans-Cinnamoylglycine is one component of the Acylglycines panel.

Acylglycines are an important class of metabolites that are used in the diagnosis of several organic acidurias and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders.

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine playing a pivotal role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. As a member of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily of cytokines, TGF-β1 is particularly noted for its dual role in both promoting and inhibiting tumor formation. In normal physiological conditions, TGF-β1 functions as a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis, exerting potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It helps maintain the balance in the immune system and prevents autoimmune responses.

Transferrin is the main protein in the blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. A transferrin test directly measures the level in the blood.

The Transferrin Receptor, a critical protein in iron metabolism, plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and managing iron-related disorders, making it an essential biomarker in modern medical diagnostics. This receptor, found on the surface of most cells, particularly erythroblasts, binds to transferrin, the primary iron transport protein in the blood, facilitating the uptake of iron into cells. Measuring the levels of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in the blood provides crucial insights into the body's iron status, especially in distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease.

Transferrin saturation (TSAT) is the ratio of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. All three measurements are used to help determine the cause of iron levels that are abnormally high or abnormally low. TS may also be used to identify the presence and type of anemia.

Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and repair in a variety of tissues.

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes. They form protein polymers, like scaffolding, which are vital in the formation of barriers and stable structures. The Transglutaminase found in the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid.

Commercial food industry uses transglutaminase to bind proteins together in the making of processed meats, including fish and imitation meats.

Known Cross-Reactions: Fibrinogen, Transglutaminase-3 and -6