Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile

A major metabolite of estrone

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2/16 Ratio and Hydroxylation pathways

Research and clinical studies show that the 2-hydroxylated estrogens (2-OH E2 and 2-OH E1) are a safer pathway of hydroxylation than the 4-hydroxyestrogens (4-OH E2 and 4-OH E1), which bind to and damage DNA, leading to mutations that are associated with increased breast cancer risk. If either 4-OH-E2 or 4-OH-E1 are higher than reference range, and not well methylated, this may indicate higher risk for DNA damage, mutations, and risk for developing breast cancer. Hydroxylation of estrogens in the 2-position of estradiol (2-OH-E2) and estrone (2-OH-E1) is considered a safer pathway for metabolism than the 4-position hydroxylations of these estrogens. The 2-position hydroxylations (considered safer) are increased with cruciferous vegetables (and extracts of them) as well as iodine. The most commonly used are indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolite diindolylmethane (DIM). Iodine also increases the 2-hydroxylation of estrogens, with a slight increase in 4-hydroxylation. The more dangerous 4-hydroxylated estrogen metabolism is enhanced by exposure to environmental toxins, mostly petrochemical-based products but also heavy metals, that induce 4-hydroxylation pathway enzymes, and cause formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that co-oxidize the catechol estrogens to more dangerous estrogen quinones.

2-Hydroxyestrone is an endogenous biomarker and major urinary metabolite of estrone and estradiol.

a metabolite of progesterone

an endogenous neurosteroid

an endogenous neurosteroid

can indicate increased cancer risk

can indicate increased cancer risk

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms. 4-Methoxyestradiol (4-ME2) is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estradiol that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 4-hydroxyestradiol. It has estrogenic activity similarly to estrone and 4-hydroxyestrone. Estradiol is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as the breasts, widening of the hips, and a female-associated pattern of fat distribution and is important in the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues such as the mammary glands, uterus, and vagina during puberty, adulthood, and pregnancy. It also has important effects in many other tissues including bone, fat, skin, liver, and the brain. Though estradiol levels in males are much lower compared to those in females, estradiol has important roles in males as well. Levels of estradiol in premenopausal women are highly variable throughout the menstrual cycle and reference ranges widely vary from source to source.

Neutralized version of carcinogenic 4-OH-E1

4-OH-E2 may increase the risk of estrogen-sensitive cancers.

A very carcinogenic estrogen metabolite, levels low in the reference range are desirable. Additional magnesium, liver support, and methylation support may help decrease 4-OH-E1 levels.

5a-DHT is the strongest androgen

A DHT metabolite

5a,3a–androstanediol is a neuroactive steroid that enhances dopamine activity, important for mood elevation. 3a-Androstanediol (often abbreviated as 3a-diol), also known as 5a-androstane-3a,17b-diol, is an endogenous inhibitory androstane neurosteroid and a weak androgen, and a major metabolite of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As a neurosteroid, it acts as a potent positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, and has been found to have rewarding, anxiolytic, pro-sexual, and anticonvulsant effects. Relative to its isomer 3b-androstanediol, which is a potent estrogen, 3a-androstanediol has substantially lower, though still significant affinity for the estrogen receptors.

metabolite of progesterone

metabolite of progesterone

also known as brexanolone

a neurosteroid hormone

DHEA and androstenedione are androgen precursors

DHEA metabolite with 5-alpha preference

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

an organic synthetic compound used for the synthesis of plastics

BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) derived from plastics used for making bottles, wraps for foods, and linings for food cans. BPA is not retained in the body for a prolonged period o f time and is rapidly excreted into urine. BPA acts as an EDC by binding to a activating both membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors in a manner similar to estradiol. Thus by mimicking the actions of endogenous estrogens, high levels of BPA can contribute to symptoms of estrogen dominance.

also known as 17-deoxycortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol by a multienzyme cascade in the adrenal glands. It is the main glucocorticoid in humans and acts as a gene transcription factor influencing a multitude of cellular responses in virtually all tissues. Cortisol plays a critical role in glucose metabolism, maintenance of vascular tone, immune response regulation, and in the body's response to stress. Its production is under hypothalamic-pituitary feedback control. Cortisone, a downstream metabolite of cortisol, provides an additional variable to assist in the diagnosis of various adrenal disorders, including abnormalities of 11-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (11-beta HSD), the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone. Deficiency of 11-beta HSD results in a state of mineralocorticoid excess because cortisol (but not cortisone) acts as a mineralocorticoid receptor agonist. Licorice (active component glycyrrhetinic acid) inhibits 11-beta HSD and excess consumption can result in similar changes.

The evaluation of the creatinine concentration in the urine does only serve as an admeasurement of the individual efficiency of the kidney. High values point to an urine concentration, low values to a strong dilution. Only the consideration of these circumstances allowes to evaluate the requested analyte correctly

The evaluation of the creatinine concentration in the urine does only serve as an admeasurement of the individual efficiency of the kidney. High values point to an urine concentration, low values to a strong dilution. Only the consideration of these circumstances allowes to evaluate the requested analyte correctly.

The evaluation of the creatinine concentration in the urine does only serve as an admeasurement of the individual efficiency of the kidney. High values point to an urine concentration, low values to a strong dilution. Only the consideration of these circumstances allowes to evaluate the requested analyte correctly.

The evaluation of the creatinine concentration in the urine does only serve as an admeasurement of the individual efficiency of the kidney. High values point to an urine concentration, low values to a strong dilution. Only the consideration of these circumstances allowes to evaluate the requested analyte correctly.

Creatinine values are measured to correct results for urine dilution

a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal gland

DHEA-S is the sulfate ester of DHEA

used as breast cancer risk indicator

Hormone test

Estradiol (Estrogen) is a female hormone, produced primarily in the ovary. The amount of estrogen produced depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Has weak estrogen activity.

Estrogen metabolite

DHEA metabolite with 5-beta preference

This is the first sample upon waking up and the value represents cortisol for the entirety of the night.

This is the 2nd cortisol sample of the day. Usually measured 30 to 60 minutes after waking.

This is the 3rd cortisol sample of the day (=evening levels)

This is the 4th cortisol sample of the day (=evening/night)

a secondary, confirmatory marker for Free Cortisol (1st Morning)

a secondary, confirmatory marker for Free Cortisol (2nd Morning)

a secondary, confirmatory marker for Free Cortisol (Evening)

a secondary, confirmatory marker for Free Cortisol (Night)

A powerful anti-oxidant made in the pineal gland and gut.

A powerful anti-oxidant made in the pineal gland and gut.

A powerful anti-oxidant made in the pineal gland and gut.

A powerful anti-oxidant made in the pineal gland and gut.

ratio of this progesterone metabolite to estradiol

a progesterone metabolite

Epitestosterone is the biologically inactive 17-alphahydroxy epimer of testosterone. The interconversion between epitestosterone and testosterone is assumed to be very small in man, and only an insignificant fraction of testosterone (a maximum of 1-2%) is metabolized to epitestosterone in the body. Most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) in urine of about 1:1. Epi-testosterone is not androgenic like testosterone. It happens to be produced in about the same concentrations as testosterone (this is an approximate relationship). This can be helpful to assess testosterone therapy and rare cases where testosterone may have other complexities.

Major androgen in the body

1 of the 3 cortisol metabolites. Active form.

an adrenal steroid and a cortisol metabolite.

A stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands

The inactive or “storage form” of adrenal glucocorticoid