16a-Hydroxyestrone, particularly in the context of a pre-menopausal Hormone Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP), is a significant marker in understanding estrogen metabolism. Estrogens are a group of hormones critical for sexual and reproductive development, primarily in women. In a pre-menopausal woman, the levels and balance of these hormones are crucial for regular menstrual cycles, fertility, and overall health. The HUMAP test assesses various metabolites of estrogen, among other hormones, to provide a comprehensive view of hormonal balance and metabolism.

16a-Hydroxyestrone is one of the metabolites of estrone, a form of estrogen. It's formed in the body through the hydroxylation of estrone at the 16th carbon position. This particular metabolite is known for its strong estrogenic activity. High levels of 16a-Hydroxyestrone are often associated with an increased risk of estrogen-sensitive conditions like certain types of breast cancer and other estrogen-related disorders. This is due to its potential to stimulate estrogen receptor-positive cells more potently than other estrogen metabolites.

16α-Hydroxyestrone (16α-OH-E1), or hydroxyestrone, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3,16α-diol-17-one, is an endogenous steroidal estrogen and a major metabolite of estrone, as well as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of estriol. It is a potent estrogen similarly to estrone, and it has been suggested that the ratio of 16α-hydroxyestrone to 2-OH-E1, the latter being much less estrogenic in comparison and even antiestrogenic in the presence of more potent estrogens like estradiol, may be involved in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Conversely, 16α-hydroxyestrone may help to protect against osteoporosis.

16α-OH E1 is a metabolite of estrone with dual roles: it has been linked to carcinogenic activity while also playing a crucial role in bone formation. Extremely high or low levels can be problematic. Elevated levels may indicate impaired estrogen detoxification and the need for interventions to enhance this process. Conversely, very low levels may increase the risk of osteopenia and suggest the need for supplemental estradiol, particularly in women with additional risk factors for osteoporosis.

An elevated 17-hydroxysteroids total and/or cortisol total may be caused by stress, strenuous exercise, inflammation, hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, or licorice ingestion.

ANDROGENS such as DHEA, testosterone, and androstenedione tend to be extensively metabolized into downstream androgen compounds. As a result, the levels of testosterone along with “Total 17-ketosteroids” (DHEA plus metabolites) should be used to assess androgen status and/or efficacy of androgen replacement.

This test serves as a valuable ancillary tool in diagnosing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), especially in cases where 21-hydroxylase and 11-hydroxylase deficiencies have already been ruled out. It is particularly instrumental in confirming a diagnosis of 3-beta-hydroxydehydrogenase (3-b-HSD) deficiency and 17-alphahydroxylase deficiency. Additionally, it is an essential component of a comprehensive battery of tests used to assess females experiencing hirsutism or infertility, both of which can be potential outcomes of adult-onset CAH.

17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a steroid hormone produced primarily in the adrenal glands and, to a lesser extent, in the gonads (ovaries and testes). It serves as an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cortisol and other steroid hormones, and is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a group of genetic disorders affecting adrenal gland function. CAH can lead to an imbalance of hormones, particularly cortisol.

Reference ranges:

In females, normal levels of 17-OHP vary depending on age, menstrual cycle phase, and pregnancy status. Typically, the reference range for adult women is between 20 to 100 ng/dL in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and 100-500 ng/dL during the luteal phase.

17-OH Progesterone is the product of progesterone hydroxylation.

17-OH Progesterone is the product of progesterone hydroxylation.

17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and ovaries. On a Sex Hormones Profile; Urine (female) panel by Doctor's Data, the 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (Pre-menopausal) marker measures the levels of this hormone in urine.

In pre-menopausal women, 17-OHP plays a crucial role in the production of other hormones, including cortisol and estrogen. It is involved in the progesterone synthesis pathway and can help in assessing adrenal and ovarian function. Elevated or abnormal levels of 17-OHP may indicate a variety of conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), or adrenal gland disorders.

An elevated 17-hydroxysteroids total and/or cortisol total may be caused by stress, strenuous exercise, inflammation, hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, or licorice ingestion.

An elevated 17-hydroxysteroids total and/or cortisol total may be caused by stress, strenuous exercise, inflammation, hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, or licorice ingestion.

An elevated 17-hydroxysteroids total and/or cortisol total may be caused by stress, strenuous exercise, inflammation, hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, or licorice ingestion.

ANDROGENS such as DHEA, testosterone, and androstenedione tend to be extensively metabolized into downstream androgen compounds. As a result, the levels of testosterone along with “Total 17-ketosteroids” (DHEA plus metabolites) should be used to assess androgen status and/or efficacy of androgen replacement.

Testosterone and DHEA are metabolized into what are collectively known as the 17-ketosteroids.

17-OHP is produced by the adrenal gland as part of the process of making the important hormone cortisol. The adrenal glands are two small glands. One is located on top of each kidney. Along with special enzymes, or proteins, 17-OH progesterone is converted to a hormone called cortisol.

The hormone 17-hydroxyprogesterone is produced by the adrenal glands. 17-OHPg is converted to cortisol, which is released in varying amounts, but at particularly high levels during times of physical or emotional stress. A cortisol deficiency can occur in certain people which can lead to an increase in 17-OH progesterone in the blood. LCMS saliva testing has allowed accurate determination of 17-OH progesterone along with other androgens, correlating with serum levels and allowing useful steroid profiling in disorders of steroid metabolism19. High levels of 17-OHPg can indicate CAH. CAH is a glandular disorder that results in the adrenal glands being unable to create enough cortisol, which may consequently increase the production of DHEA and testosterone.