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Optimal range: 0 - 15 mmol/mol creatinine
Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.
Optimal range: 0.5 - 3 Ratio
Tau/Tau-P Ratio is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker used to evaluate the relationship between total tau and phosphorylated tau (pTau), providing critical insights into the underlying pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. This ratio reflects both the extent of neuronal damage (indicated by total tau) and the degree of tau protein hyperphosphorylation (indicated by pTau).
The Tau/Tau-P ratio enhances the diagnostic specificity of Alzheimer’s disease when interpreted alongside amyloid-beta (Aβ42) levels and other CSF biomarkers. It helps differentiate Alzheimer’s from other dementias or neurodegenerative conditions, making it a valuable tool in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression.
Optimal range: 350 - 1850 qmol/24 hours
Taurine is a crucial amino acid that serves multiple roles in the body:
(1) It acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by harmful molecules known as free radicals.
(2) Taurine also aids in the regulation of minerals such as calcium within cells
(3) and supports the healthy function of the heart and blood vessels.
(4) Additionally, it is vital for the proper functioning of the brain and eyes.
Optimal range: 89.9 - 301 umol/L
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 320 - 1000 umol/g
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 200 - 1400 qM/g creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 29.2 - 132.3 umol/L
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid required for bile formation.
Optimal range: 24.5 - 134.1 µg/g creatinine
Taurine improves sleep, relieves anxiety, and has neuroprotective properties.
Optimal range: 4.41 - 10.99 Units
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins.
In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid. Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system.
Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
Optimal range: 39 - 568 micromol/g creatinine
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 0 - 269 mmol/mol creatinine
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 39.2 - 2436.6 nmol/mg Creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 50 - 139 micromol/L
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the non-essential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid. Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine). [L], [L]
Optimal range: 52 - 1025 uMol/gCr
Taurine important for proper heart function, healthy sleep and promoting calmness.
Taurine is an amino sulfonic acid, but it is often referred to as an amino acid, a chemical that is a required building block of protein. Taurine is found in large amounts in the brain, retina, heart, and blood cells called platelets.
Optimal range: 31 - 102 umol/L
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 24.2 - 5335.7 umol/g Cr
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 4.41 - 10.99 qmol/dL
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
Optimal range: 25.9 - 107.2 nmol/ML
Taurine differs from other amino acids because a sulfur group replaces the carboxyl group of what would be the nonessential amino acid, β-alanine. It takes part in biochemical reactions and is not fully incorporated into proteins. In most tissues, it remains a free amino acid.
Taurine’s highest concentration is in muscle, platelets, and the central nervous system. Taurine is mainly obtained via dietary sources (dairy, shellfish, turkey, energy drinks), but can also come from sulfur amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine).
It has been proposed that taurine acts as an antioxidant, intracellular osmolyte, membrane stabilizer, and a neurotransmitter.
