Urinary tellurium (Te) provides an indication of recent or ongoing exposure to the metal, and endogenous detoxification to a lesser extent. The metal has no physiological function in the body, and urinary excretion is predominant.

Te is a very rare element that is a byproduct of milled copper. The use of Te in industrial applications has increased in scope and scale. Te may be used as an additive in steel and it is often alloyed to aluminum, copper, lead and tin. It is also used in the manufacture of solar panels (cadmium-telluride), cast iron, ceramics, vulcanized rubber, blasting caps, and glass production.

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to albumin. FWBT does not include sex hormone binding globulin-bound testosterone. The SHBG-bound fraction is biologically inactive because of the high binding affinity of SHBG for testosterone. The rapid dissociation of “weakly bound” testosterone from albumin results in the availability of essentially all albumin-bound testosterone for steroid-receptor interaction.

The measurement of free and weakly bound testosterone in women, when used in conjunction with the assay of the DHEA-S and SHBG, can be used to establish etiology of hirsutism.

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to albumin. FWBT does not include sex hormone binding globulin-bound testosterone. The SHBG-bound fraction is biologically inactive because of the high binding affinity of SHBG for testosterone. The rapid dissociation of “weakly bound” testosterone from albumin results in the availability of essentially all albumin-bound testosterone for steroid-receptor interaction.

The measurement of free and weakly bound testosterone in women, when used in conjunction with the assay of the DHEA-S and SHBG, can be used to establish etiology of hirsutism.

The marker “Testost., F+W Bound” stands for Testosterone Free and Weakly Bound. Free and weakly bound testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual’s biologically active, circulating testosterone. It includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to albumin. It does not include sex hormone binding globulin-bound testosterone.

Free and weakly bound testosterone (FWBT), also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is thought to reflect an individual's biologically active, circulating testosterone. FWBT includes free testosterone and testosterone that is bound to albumin. FWBT does not include sex hormone binding globulin-bound testosterone. The SHBG-bound fraction is biologically inactive because of the high binding affinity of SHBG for testosterone. The rapid dissociation of “weakly bound” testosterone from albumin results in the availability of essentially all albumin-bound testosterone for steroid-receptor interaction.

The measurement of free and weakly bound testosterone in women, when used in conjunction with the assay of the DHEA-S and SHBG, can be used to establish etiology of hirsutism.

The marker "Testosterone, Free, Calculated (Female)" is an important parameter in assessing various health conditions and understanding the hormonal balance in females. Testosterone, although typically associated with males, is also a vital hormone in females, playing crucial roles in muscle strength, bone density, and sexual function. Unlike males, where testosterone is the primary sex hormone, females produce it in much smaller quantities. Its levels in the female body can be indicative of various health conditions, making its measurement and understanding critical in medical practice.

Free testosterone refers to the fraction of testosterone that is not bound to proteins in the blood and is, therefore, available to tissues. The majority of testosterone in the bloodstream is bound to two proteins: sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. The "free" portion of testosterone is biologically active, meaning it can interact with cells and potentially affect the body. Calculated free testosterone estimates the amount of testosterone that is not bound to SHBG or albumin, providing insights into the hormone's active levels. This calculation typically involves measuring total testosterone, SHBG, and sometimes albumin, using these values in a formula to estimate free testosterone levels.

Free testosterone is a key biomarker that measures the biologically active portion of testosterone circulating in the bloodstream. Unlike total testosterone, which includes both bound and unbound hormones, free testosterone represents the immediately available hormone that directly impacts physiological functions.

Testosterone, a key androgen hormone typically associated with male physiology, plays a significant role in female health. In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and peripheral tissues, and it contributes to muscle strength, bone density, and sexual function. The urinary measurement of testosterone offers insights into the body's hormonal balance. Elevated levels of testosterone in females can be indicative of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal hyperplasia, or ovarian tumors. Conversely, low levels may be associated with reduced libido, fatigue, muscle weakness, and osteoporosis. It's important to interpret urinary testosterone levels in conjunction with other hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, to accurately assess overall hormonal health and diagnose any underlying conditions. This comprehensive approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of a woman's endocrine function and helps in tailoring specific treatment strategies in functional medicine.

Testosterone is an androgenic sex steroid/hormone that helps maintain libido, influences muscle mass and weight loss, and plays a role in the production of several other hormones. During the aging process, testosterone levels gradually decline in both sexes, which can lead to loss of bone density. Testosterone concentrations tend to be higher in men versus women.

Testosterone is an anabolic hormone produced predominately by the ovaries in women and the testes in men, and to a lesser extent in the adrenal glands. It is essential for creating energy,  maintaining optimal brain function (memory), regulating the immune
system, and building and maintaining the integrity of structural tissues such as skin, muscles, and bone. Premenopausal testosterone levels usually fall within the high-normal range and postmenopausal levels at low-normal range. In men testosterone levels peak in the teens and then fall throughout adulthood.

Testing testosterone levels in women through dried urine tests is an effective and convenient method for assessing hormonal balance. 

Testosterone is typically associated with men, but women also produce this hormone in smaller quantities. It plays a crucial role in women's health, affecting mood, energy, libido, and muscle mass.

This test assesses the level of the hormone testosterone in your bloodstream. Testosterone, an androgen, is primarily responsible for the development of male characteristics. It is synthesized in the testes for males, ovaries for females, and the adrenal glands.

During puberty in males, testosterone induces several changes, including the growth of hair, muscles, penis, and testes, along with a deepening of the voice. It continues to be produced in adult males, promoting sex drive and aiding in sperm maturation.

Females also produce small amounts of testosterone in their ovaries, contributing to various bodily functions.

The pituitary gland in the brain regulates testosterone production by releasing signaling hormones such as luteinizing hormone.

In men, levels of testosterone begin to decline with age, usually beginning around the mid-40s. The decline in testosterone production by the testes can be more precipitous in some men than others.

Excessive weight gain, stress, lack of exercise, and many medications can further reduce testosterone levels, leading to symptoms that include low libido, irritability, depression, loss of muscle mass and strength, weight gain, erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis, and adverse changes in the blood lipid profile.

Testosterone levels in saliva are an accepted method for assessment of hypogonadism in men.

In women, high testosterone, often caused by ovarian cysts, leads to conditions such as excessive facial and body hair, acne, and oily skin and hair.

Low testosterone in postmenopausal women, seen particularly after surgical removal of the ovaries, leads to female symptoms of androgen deficiency including loss of libido, thinning skin, vaginal dryness, and loss of bone and muscle mass.

Testosterone is the major androgen in the body. It is converted to dihydrotestosterone by 5-alphareductase, and to estradiol by aromatase.