Mercury (Hg) is a heavy chemical element that is emitted to the air by human activities, such as manufacturing or burning coal for fuel, and from natural sources, such as volcanoes. It is deposited, via ecosystem transport, into lakes and oceans, where it bioaccumulates in fish. According to the US EPA, “nearly all methylmercury exposures in the U.S. occur through eating fish and shellfish.” In addition, mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, float valves, mercury switches, and other devices where exposure can occur with device breakage. It is also found in dental amalgams, energy-efficient light bulbs, and is used in scientific research applications.

The "Mercury, Blood" marker on LabCorp's "Heavy Metals Profile I, Blood" panel is a critical diagnostic tool for assessing exposure to mercury, a heavy metal known for its toxicity. Mercury exposure can occur through various sources, such as consumption of certain types of fish and shellfish, dental amalgam fillings, industrial emissions, and occupational hazards in industries like mining or manufacturing. The blood test for mercury is particularly effective in detecting recent exposure to organic mercury, including methylmercury, the form most commonly associated with fish consumption.

Mercury, abbreviated Hg, comes in inorganic and organic forms. Both are toxic when they accumulate in the body and are associated with serious health problems.

SOURCES:

Mercury (Hg) has three forms:

Elemental (metallic)- older glass thermometers, fluorescent light bulbs, dental amalgams, folk remedies, combustion, electrical industry (switches, batteries, thermostats), solvents, wood processing

Organic (methyl mercury)- seafood, thimerosal (preservative), fungicides

Inorganic- skin lightening compounds, industrial exposure, folk medicine, lamps, photography, disinfectants

This calculated ratio is called the ‘Met/Sulf Balance’ and it compares analytes between the methylation pathway and transsulfuration pathways.

Biomarker levels are compared proportionately allowing potential insight into which of the pathways is being favored.

The four analytes from the main methylation pathway that are used in the Met/Sulf Balance are SAM, SAH, methionine, and homocysteine. The four analytes from the transsulfuration pathway are cystathionine, cysteine, taurine, and glutathione.

Biomarkers:

- SCFA (%)

- Total SCFA's

- n-Butyrate Conc.

- Beta-glucuronidase

Score explanation:

The functional imbalance scores are generated using weighted algorithms that incorporate biomarkers belonging to each functional category. 

0 to 2: This represents a low need for support.

2 to 3: This represents an optional need for support.

4 to 6: This represents moderate need for support.

7 to 10: This represents high need for support.

Therapeutic Support Options: 

Therapeutic support options are static to serve as potential treatment ideas. Clinician discretion is advised when selecting appropriate therapeutics for individual patients.

- Pre-/Probiotics

- Increased Dietary Fiber Intake

- Increase Resistant Starches

- Increase Fermented Foods

- Calcium D-Glucarate (for high beta-glucuronidase)

Metabolized Cortisol is the sum of a-THF, b-THF and b-THE (the most abundant cortisol metabolites).

While free cortisol is the best assessment for tissue levels of cortisol, it only represents 1-3% of the total produced. The majority of cortisol results in a urine metabolite and the total of these metabolites best represents the total glandular output (=from glands) of cortisol for the day.

Metabolized cortisol reflects the total cortisol produced and clearing through the liver, while free-cortisol results tell us how much cortisol is free to bind to receptors and allows for assessment of the circadian rhythm.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones. It is increased in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration. It functions to increase blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It also decreases bone formation. Cortisol prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.

Metabolized cortisol best reflects total cortisol production.

This test measures the amount of metanephrines in your urine that your body makes over a 24-hour period.

Metanephrines are made when your body breaks down hormones called catecholamines. These hormones are made by the adrenal glands. Catecholamines help your body respond to stress. They are sometimes called "fight or flight" hormones. They also include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

This test may have been ordered for you if your healthcare provider believes you have a condition called pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. These are rare tumors that make extra amounts of catecholamines. Pheochromocytomas are found in the adrenal glands. Paragangliomas are found outside the adrenal glands.

Metanephrine, a metabolite of epinephrine, is at normally low levels in the plasma. Certain tumors increase the levels and will increase the levels of Metanephrine. The Metanephrine test, when normal, means these tumors are not present.

To help diagnose or rule out a rare tumor of the adrenal gland called a pheochromocytoma or a rare tumor occurring outside the adrenal glands called a paraganglioma; these tumors (PPGL) produce excess hormones called catecholamines, which are broken down to metanephrines.

Metanephrines are made when your body breaks down hormones called catecholamines. These hormones are made by the adrenal glands. Catecholamines help your body respond to stress. They are sometimes called "fight or flight" hormones. They also include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.