Explore our database of over 4000 laboratory markers.
Search and Understand 4000+ Biomarkers
Optimal range: 13.7 - 34.7 Units
Lysine is a nutritionally essential amino acid abundant in meat, fish, fowl, and legumes and is needed for formation of body proteins and enzymes.
Lysine can be methylated using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to synthesize carnitine, which is needed for fatty acid oxidation. Lysine also generates Acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. Lysine, proline, hydroxyproline, and vitamin C are important in the synthesis of collagen for skin, bones, tendons and cartilage.
L-lysine supplementation has also been studied for herpes simplex treatment and prophylaxis and may be beneficial.
Optimal range: 15 - 231 micromol/g creatinine
Lysine is a nutritionally essential amino acid abundant in meat, fish, fowl, and legumes and is needed for formation of body proteins and enzymes.
Lysine can be methylated using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to synthesize carnitine, which is needed for fatty acid oxidation. Lysine also generates Acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. Lysine, proline, hydroxyproline, and vitamin C are important in the synthesis of collagen for skin, bones, tendons and cartilage.
Optimal range: 119 - 233 umol/L
Lysine is a nutritionally essential amino acid abundant in meat, fish, fowl, and legumes and is needed for formation of body proteins and enzymes.
Lysine can be methylated using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to synthesize carnitine, which is needed for fatty acid oxidation. Lysine also generates Acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. Lysine, proline, hydroxyproline, and vitamin C are important in the synthesis of collagen for skin, bones, tendons and cartilage.
Optimal range: 15.3 - 1020.6 umol/g Cr
Lysine is a nutritionally essential amino acid abundant in meat, fish, fowl, and legumes and is needed for formation of body proteins and enzymes.
Lysine can be methylated using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to synthesize carnitine, which is needed for fatty acid oxidation. Lysine also generates Acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. Lysine, proline, hydroxyproline, and vitamin C are important in the synthesis of collagen for skin, bones, tendons and cartilage.
L-lysine supplementation has also been studied for herpes simplex treatment and prophylaxis and may be beneficial.
Optimal range: 13.7 - 34.7 qmol/dL
Lysine is a nutritionally essential amino acid abundant in meat, fish, fowl, and legumes and is needed for formation of body proteins and enzymes.
Lysine can be methylated using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to synthesize carnitine, which is needed for fatty acid oxidation. Lysine also generates Acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. Lysine, proline, hydroxyproline, and vitamin C are important in the synthesis of collagen for skin, bones, tendons and cartilage.
Optimal range: 210.6 - 498.2 nmol/ML
Lysine catabolism leads to collagen and carnitine production.
- Higher plasma valine, lysine, and tyrosine were independently and positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and insulin activity.
- Increased urinary lysine was associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (0.73 [0.50-0.90].
- Low lysine has been associated with increased anxiety in human and animal studies.
- Lysine and arginine supplementation were found to reduce anxiety and basal salivary cortisol levels in adults.
- Lower plasma lysine and glutamine levels, and higher glutamic acid, were significantly associated with ADHD.
Optimal range: 120 - 318 µmol/L , 12.00 - 31.80 µmol/dL
Lysine is found in great quantities in muscle tissues, stimulates calcium absorption, carnitine synthesis, and growth and repair of muscle tissue.
Optimal range: 11 - 175 micromol/g creatinine
Lysine is found in great quantities in muscle tissues, stimulates calcium absorption, carnitine synthesis, and growth and repair of muscle tissue.
Optimal range: 0 - 500 ng/mL
Lysozyme is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of specific glycosidic bonds in mucopolysaccharides that constitute the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Lysozyme is an antibacterial defense present in the G.I. tract and is secreted by granulocytes, macrophages, Paneth cells, and Brunner's Glands as well as normal colonic crypt cells. The main source for fecal lysozyme is the intestinal granulocytes.
Optimal range: 0 - 575 ng/mL
Lysozyme is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of specific glycosidic bonds in mucopolysaccharides that constitute the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Lysozyme is an antibacterial defense present in the G.I. tract and is secreted by granulocytes, macrophages, Paneth cells, and Brunner's Glands as well as normal colonic crypt cells. The main source for fecal lysozyme is the intestinal granulocytes.
Optimal range: 3 - 12.8 ug/ml
Serum lysozyme has emerged as a valuable biomarker for monitoring disease progression and regression, particularly in cases of confirmed sarcoidosis. According to revised FAB (French, American, British) criteria, serum or urine lysozyme levels that are three times the normal limit fulfill one of the key diagnostic criteria for distinguishing M4/M5 acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation from M2 acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation.
Optimal range: 0 - 8.1 mmol/mol creatinine
m-Hydroxyphenylacetate (3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).
Optimal range: 0 - 0.001 g/dL
M-protein is an abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells that accumulates in and damages bone and bone marrow.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.001 %
M-protein is an abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells that accumulates in and damages bone and bone marrow.
Optimal range: 0 - 5000 Units
Bacterial species in the Actinobacteria phylum. Higher levels have been associated with Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Reference range: < 0.10 (Negative), 0.10 - 0.31 (Equivocal/Low), 0.32 - 0.55 (Low), 0.56 - 1.40 (Moderate), 1.41 - 3.90 (High), 3.91 - 19.00 (Very High), 19.01 - 100.00 (Very High), >100.00 (Very High)
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 1.9 ug/ml
Penicillium Chrysogenum is a widely studied species of Penicillium that is most famous for being a source of penicillin and several other antibiotics.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 ug/ml
The "M001-IgG Penicillium chrysogenum" marker is a blood test that measures the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Penicillium chrysogenum, a type of mold commonly found in indoor environments, including on decaying organic matter, building materials, and even certain foods like cheese. Penicillium chrysogenum is also known for being the source of penicillin, an antibiotic.
When an individual is exposed to Penicillium chrysogenum, their immune system may produce IgG antibodies, particularly if they have a sensitivity or intolerance to this mold. IgG antibodies are typically associated with delayed-type immune responses, meaning symptoms related to mold exposure may not appear immediately but could take hours or days to manifest. Elevated levels of the M001-IgG Penicillium chrysogenum marker suggest an immune response to this mold, which could potentially contribute to various symptoms.
Reference range: < 0.10 (Negative), 0.10 - 0.31 (Equivocal/Low), 0.32 - 0.55 (Low), 0.56 - 1.40 (Moderate), 1.41 - 3.90 (High), 3.91 - 19.00 (Very High), 19.01 - 100.00 (Very High), >100.00 (Very High)
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 1.9 ug/ml
Cladosporium, a well known trigger for asthmatic attacks, is one of the most widespread molds.
Cladosporium includes about 40 species naturally found in soil, on decaying plant material and as plant pathogens.
In an indoor environment, Cladosporium spp. occur as secondary wall colonizers, appearing after the primary ones such as Penicillium species, Aspergillus versicolor and Wallemia sebi. Cladosporiumis very common on wet building material (e.g., gypsum board, acrylic painted walls, wood, wallpaper, carpet and mattress dust, HVAC fans, and wet insulation in mechanical cooling units).
